Department of Physics

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Browsing Department of Physics by Author "Kirya, Dauson"

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    Design and construction of a simple battery level indicator.
    (Busitema University, 2026) Kirya, Dauson
    This study focused on the design and construction of a simple and low-cost battery level indicator using locally available electronic components. The study was carried out because many users of battery-powered devices cannot easily determine the remaining battery charge level before complete discharge, leading to sudden power failure and reduced battery lifespan. The project therefore aimed at developing an affordable and reliable battery monitoring device. The battery level indicator was designed using components such as LEDs, resistors, transistors, diodes, and an LM358 operational amplifier. The study adopted an experimental research design involving circuit design, construction, calibration, and testing of the device. The circuit was first assembled on a breadboard and later soldered onto a circuit board after successful testing. The results showed that the constructed device successfully indicated different battery charge levels. When the battery voltage was high, the yellow LED illuminated brightly to indicate a fully charged battery. At medium voltage levels, the yellow LED became dim, while at low voltage the red LED turned on to indicate low battery condition. The system responded effectively to voltage changes and consumed low power during operation. The study concluded that a reliable and effective battery level indicator can be constructed using simple and inexpensive electronic components. The device can help users monitor battery conditions, prevent over-discharge, and improve battery lifespan. The study recommends further improvement of the system through the use of microcontrollers, digital displays, and alarm systems for more accurate batter