Browsing by Author "Atif, Muhammad"

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    Experimental evaluation of bio-based materials in epoxidation techniques.
    (Wiley, 2025) Shah, Syed Zulqarnain; Atif, Muhammad; Imran, Muhammad; Musinguzi, Alex; Fatima, Jawairia; Dilawaiz; Abrar, Maria; Haider, Hafz Zeshan
    Epoxy composites as per their excellent adhesive behavior, mechanical strength, electrical insulation, and chemical resistance have been utilized in a number of applications and constitute a major chunk of polymer industry. Epoxy, since ages, has been derived from petrochemicals which has been a major source of environmental pollution and has drawn a limit at various applications. Tis datum highlights the dire need of bio-based materials, for their nontoxic, eco-friendly, economical, and renewable behavior. To counter the pollution factor associated with petrochemical-derived epoxies, various epoxidation strategies on bio-based materials have been reported with designed reagents (catalyst, acid, enzyme, or metal). This review has been compiled for latest progressions in epoxidation approaches of bio-based materials, considering them as potentially ecofriendly green replacements of petrochemical resources. It has a lot of information of usage of bio-waste and their property. The thermal and photocuring discussed with the diferent techniques. In thermal technique hardening agent which gave epoxy the defnite structure and in photocuring PI agent used for curing and making them polymer but they showed crucial efect on environment. After that other bio-based epoxidation (BBEP) strategical techniques introduced such as hypochlorination (most primitive technique at small scale and gave 93% selectivity with minimum by-products), homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, chemoenzymatic method, and metal catalyzed reactions have been compared in this review based on chemistry involved in epoxidation reaction. This article summarizes a large number of precursors, reagents, and reaction conditions for a wide variety of end products and applications, allowing the reader to see experimental alternatives and their potential benefits in a single place. Keywords: bio-based materials; catalysis; epoxidation; epoxy curing; vegetable oils
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    Paradigm shift in orthopedic implants from metals to polymers.
    (Springer, 2025) Atif, Muhammad; Shoukat, Sana; Imran, Muhammad; Alex, Musinguzi
    The creation of highly biocompatible advanced materials for use in orthopedics has long been a goal. Because of this need, orthopedic implants have progressed from metals to polymeric composites. Ancient orthopedic implants were mostly metals, but in the present age, advanced new materials in orthopedic surgery and prostheses have broadened the available options. Alternative forms of treatment are becoming increasingly possible with the upgrade of mechanical properties and improved quality of materials. The mechanical performance of advanced material is rationalized including tensile and flexural strength, elastic modulus, and wear resistance to assess their suitability for orthopedic applications. In recent eras, the novelty in research includes the use of reinforced polymer-based composite due to mechanical strength and stress shielding close to real human bone. Also, a comparative analysis of natural and synthetic reinforcement in composites proves that the former is biocompatible, eco-friendly, and economically cost-effective. The bioactivity of composites can be improved by surface modification with bio-coating to promote enhanced biomedical performance. This literature review contains data on different types of materials for prosthetic devices. It outlines mechanical and biological factors favoring material selection, particularly epoxy, for improved physiological functions of the human body, along with economic considerations influencing orthopedic surgery. Keywords Epoxy · Orthopedic · Biomedical application · Bone replacement · Implants
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    Sequential addition synthesis of guar gum based ternary hydrogels with kinetic asymmetry in drug release.
    (Nature portfolio, 2025) Ghani, Ambreen; Atif, Muhammad; Saleem, Sahar; Musinguzi, Alex; Hussain, Erum Akbar; Assiri, Mohammed Ali; Faroqui, Muhammad Asad
    Currently, biomedical engineering is placing significant emphasis on hydrogels due to their exceptional capabilities in drug delivery, tissue regeneration, tissue adhesion, blood clot prevention, contrast imaging, safeguarding tissues or organs during radiotherapy, and enhancing the biocompatibility of medical implants. This study explores a temperature-controlled sequential addition method to synthesize pH responsive guar gum-sodium alginate hydrogels with PVA as third component. Obtained hydrogels have been observed with kinetic asymmetry in drug release at specific pH. The sequential addition method has augmented thermal stability of products by allowing for distinct crosslinking patterns in the hydrogels produced. Kinetic assymetry of in-vitro drug release has been observed, specifically depending upon drug hydrogel interaction as hydrogen bonding. The blends that were prepared with higher sodium alginate (NaA) contents demonstrated 1st order drug release kinetics due to highest swelling and fast ionic dissociation leads to fast drug release, whereas samples with higher guargum (GG) ratio in compositions presented zero order kinetics due to compact structure and sustained swelling. The maximum drug release achieved within 12 h was 92% in intestine at 7.4 (colon pH), which was subsequently characterized by non-Fickian diffusion due to polymer relaxation. Keywords Controlled release, Diffusion, pH stimulated hydrogels, Drug delivery, Processing optimization