Browsing by Author "Kiyimba, Kenedy"

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    Prevalence and predictors of delayed initiation of breastfeeding among postnatal women at a tertiary hospital in Eastern Uganda: a cross-sectional study
    (BMC, 2023) Kusasira, Loyce; Mukunya, David; Obakiro, Samuel; Kiyimba, Kenedy; Nekaka, Rebecca; Ssenyonga, Lydia; Mbwali, Immaculate; Napyo, Agnes
    Background The rates for the delayed initiation of breastfeeding in Uganda remain unacceptably high between 30% and 80%. The reasons for this are not well understood. We aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors for the delayed initiation of breastfeeding in Eastern Uganda. Methods This study employed a cross-sectional study design. A total of 404 mother-infant pairs were enrolled onto the study between July and November, 2020 at Mbale regional referral hospital (MRRH). They were interviewed on socio-demographic related, infant-related, labour and delivery characteristics using a structured questionnaire. We estimated adjusted odds ratios using multivariable logistic regression models. All variables with p<0.25 at the bivariate level were included in the initial model at the multivariate analysis. All variables with p<0.1 and those of biological or epidemiologic plausibility (from previous studies) were included in the second model. The variables with odds ratios greater than 1 were considered as risk factors; otherwise they were protective against the delayed initiation of breastfeeding. Results The rate of delayed initiation of breastfeeding was 70% (n=283/404, 95% CI: 65.3 – 74.4%). The factors that were associated with delayed initiation of breastfeeding were maternal charateristics including: being single (AOR=0.37; 95%CI: 0.19–0.74), receiving antenatal care for less than 3 times (AOR=1.85, 95%CI: 1.07–3.19) undergoing a caesarean section (AOR=2.07; 95%CI: 1.3–3.19) and having a difficult labour (AOR=2.05; 95%CI: 1.25–3.35). Infant characteristics included: having a health issue at birth (AOR=9.8; 95%CI: 2.94–32.98). Conclusions The proportion of infants that do not achieve early initiation of breastfeeding in this setting remains high. Women at high risk of delaying the initiation of breastfeeding include those who: deliver by caesarean section, do not receive antenatal care and have labour difficulties. Infants at risk of not achieving early initiation of breastfeeding include those that have a health issue at birth. We recommend increased support for women who undergo caesarean section in the early initiation of breastfeeding. Breastfeeding support can be initiated in the recovery room after caesarean delivery or in the operating theatre. The importance of antenatal care attendance should be emphasized during health education classes. Infants with any form of health issue at birth should particularly be given attention to ensure breastfeeding is initiated early. Keywords Delayed initiation of breastfeeding, Early initiation of breastfeeding, Breastfeeding, Infants, Lactating women
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    Sub-Acute toxicity effects of methanolic stem bark extract of entada abyssinica on biochemical, haematological and histopathological parameters in wistar albino rats
    (Frontiers in pharmacology, 2021) Obakiro, Samuel Baker; Kiprop, Ambrose; Kigondu, Elizabeth; K’owino, Isaac; Kiyimba, Kenedy; Kato, Charles Drago; Gavamukulya, Yahaya
    Background: Whereas the efficacy of Entada abyssinica (fabaceae) extracts against various ailments has been scientifically validated, its safety has not been established. This study was undertaken to evaluate the toxicity effects of methanolic stem bark extract of E. abyssinica on biochemical, haematological and histological parameters of Wistar albino rats following repeated oral administration. Methods: Wistar albino rats of both sexes were randomized into groups and orally administered daily with determined doses (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) of E. abyssinica methanolic extract using 1% tween 80 in distilled water as a control for 28 days. On the 29th day, all the animals were sacrificed and dissected to collect blood and selected organs. The serum and whole blood were assayed for biochemical and haematological parameters respectively while selected organs were examined for histopathological lesions. Numerical data was analyzed using graph pad prism and expressed as mean ± standard error of mean. The differences between the treatment and control groups were tested for statistical significance using one-way analysis of variance and/or Student’s t-test. Results: In repeated daily oral doses (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg), the methanolic stem bark extract of E. abyssinica did not cause significant alteration in majority of the biochemical and hematological indices. However, the extract significantly elevated the level of uric acid (all doses), aspartate aminotransferase (300 and 600 mg/kg), low density lipoproteins (150 mg/kg) and mean corpuscular heamoglobin concentration (all doses). On the other hand, the extracts reduced high density lipoproteins (150 and 300 mg/kg), mean corpuscular volume (all doses), haematocrit (150 and 600 mg/kg), mean platelet volume (150 and 600 mg/kg) and procalcitonin (150 mg/kg). In the vital organs, therewere no significant lesions observed except at the highest dose (600 mg/kg) where there was mild evidence of lymphocyte infiltration in the liver and focal interstitial nephritis. Conclusion: The methanolic stem bark extract of E. abyssinica is relatively safe in Wistar albino rats when repetitively administered orally in small doses for a prolonged period of time. We recommend more chronic toxicity studies and clinical trials on herbal remedies containing this plant to ensure that its use is free of potential toxicity to humans. Keywords: toxicity, fabaceae, traditional medicine, Entada abyssinica, biochemical, haematological, histopathalogical, wistar albina rats