Browsing by Author "Malagala, Alexander"

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    Design and implementation of a smart anti-islanding protection system for grid-connected solar Inverters.
    (Busitema University, 2026) Owor, Andrew Francis; Malagala, Alexander
    This project focuses on the design and implementation of a smart anti-islanding protection system for grid-connected AC generators. Islanding occurs when a distributed generator continues to energize a section of the power network after disconnection from the main utility grid, creating significant safety hazards for utility workers and risking equipment damage. Existing conventional methods fail to detect islanding under balanced load conditions and inject disturbances that compromise power quality. Furthermore, many islanding protection infrastructures lack dynamic adaptability to varying grid impedances and fail to incorporate low cost remote tripping mechanisms. This research addresses these gaps by developing a standalone, cost-effective prototype using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The system employs a hybrid detection approach combining passive methods (Under/Over Voltage, Under/Over Frequency) and an active method (Rate of Change of Frequency - ROCOF). The prototype monitors grid parameters in real-time using ZMPT101B voltage and ACS712-5A current sensors. Upon detecting islanding or parameter violations, the system automatically trips a contactor to isolate the generator, activates a buzzer alarm, sends an SMS alert via GSM, and displays real-time data on an LCD. The system was designed, fabricated, and tested under various scenarios including normal operation, overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, low current, and simulated islanding conditions. Results demonstrate that the prototype successfully detects islanding conditions and trips within the required 2-second timeframe, proving that sophisticated protection schemes can be implemented affordably using widely available components.