Browsing by Author "Ntulume, Ibrahim"

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    Antibiotic susceptibility of zoonotic bacteria isolated from oral cavities of indigenous dogs from semi-urban areas in Uganda.
    (Wiley, 2024) Mukasa, Paul; Ogwang, Patrick Engeu; Owor, Richard Oriko; Lejju, Julius B.; Gumisiriza, Hannington; Ntulume, Ibrahim; Adaku, Christopher
    Dog bites are a source of zoonotic infections to humans, such as pasteurellosis and meningitis. Zoonotic bacterial identification and their antibiotic susceptibility assessment are key towards the successful management of such infections. This study isolated and identified zoonotic bacterial species from the oral cavities of indigenous dogs and also determined their antibiotic susceptibility profile. Oral swab samples collected from 54 indigenous dogs (domestic [36] and stray [18]) were cultured on agar media, and then on selective-differential media. The colony morphology and conventional biochemical tests were used to identify the bacterial isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. A total of 232 bacterial isolates were obtained, from which 29 bacteria species (18 Gram-negative and 11 Gram-positive) belonging to 19 genera and 13 families were identified. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria species constituted 69% and 31%, respectively. The most prevalent bacteria species was Staphylococcus aureus (10.8%) followed by Escherichia coli (9.5%), while Yersinia enterocolitica (0.4%) was the least common. Most bacteria species belonged to family Enterobacteriaceae (11) followed by Vibrionaceae (04). All the sampled dogs had a number of multi drug–resistant superbugs in their oral cavities. However, all the tested bacterial isolates were only susceptible to imipenem and chloramphenicol. All the identified bacteria species were resistant to metronidazole, amoxicillinclavulanic acid and ceftazidime. Therefore, antibiotics such as imipenem and chloramphenicol could be of better choice for managing dog bite infections compared to the antibiotics recommended by Uganda Clinical Guidelines, such as metronidazole and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Keywords: dog bites | oral cavities | susceptibility | zoonotic bacteria
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    Phytochemical profile, antibacterial activity and acute toxicity of rhoicissus tridentata used to manage dog bites.
    (Elsevier Ltd., 2025) Mukasa, Paul; Ogwang, Patrick Engeu; Adaku, Christopher; Andima, Moses; Obakiro, Samuel Baker; Lejju, Julius Bunny; Ntulume, Ibrahim; Byamugisha, Denis; Ntambi, Emmanuel; Ren, Yuhao; Owor, Richard Oriko
    Dog bites often result into polymicrobial wound contamination, which pose several health risks including bacterial infections. In Uganda, Rhoicissus tridentata is traditionally used to manage dog bites, yet its secondary metabolite profile, antibacterial efficacy, and in-vivo toxicity had remained unexplored. Thus, the metabolites and the scientific evidence to validate the antibacterial activity and safety of the plant was limited. Identification of potent antibacterial agents could be crucial to manage dog-bite-related bacterial infections. The root extracts were analyzed using UHPLC–HRMS/MS—qTOF, followed by MZmine processing, and the metabolites characterized with GNPS Feature-Based Molecular Networking. For the first time, the high-resolution metabolomic approach resulted into annotation of 15 bioactive polyphenols like flavonoids, tannins. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was evaluated against standard strains of the zoonotic oral bacteria commonly associated with dog bites, namely: Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29,212), Streptococcus aureus (ATCC 25,932), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25,175), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 25,933), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700,603), and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25,922). The extracts exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against all the strains. The MIC and MBC ranged from (0.78 to 6.25) and (1.56 to 12.5) mg/mL respectively. The MBC/MIC ratios were between 1.9 and 2, signifying bactericidal extracts. In vivo acute toxicity testing, the extract showed no adverse signs of toxicity at doses up to 5000 mg/kg (LD50 > 5000 mg/kg), suggesting a favorable safety margin. These findings support the ethnopharmacological use of R. tridentata in managing dog bite-related bacterial infections and merit further investigations on its bioactive constituents identified for future antibacterial discovery Keywords: Rhoicissus tridentata, Phytochemicals, Antibacterial compounds, Toxicity