Browsing by Author "Watoboko, Samuel"

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    Design and implementation of an automatic solar lighting system using basic electronic components.
    (Busitema University, 2026) Watoboko, Samuel
    Access to reliable electricity remains a challenge in many parts of Uganda, especially in rural areas where households rely on kerosene lamps and candles. Even where solar lighting systems exist, many require manual switching, leading to energy wastage and reduced battery life. This project aimed to design and implement an automatic solar lighting system using basic, affordable electronic components that can be locally sourced and repaired. The system consisted of an 8V solar panel, LM7805 voltage regulator, 1N4007 diode, 3.7V 18650 rechargeable battery, IRFZ44N MOSFET, resistors, and a 3V LED. The solar panel's own voltage was used to control the MOSFET, eliminating the need for a separate light sensor. During the day, the panel charged the battery while the LED remained off. At night, when panel voltage dropped, the MOSFET turned on, allowing current to flow to the LED. Testing was conducted at the Busitema University Physics Laboratory on 15th April 2025. Under bright sun (12:30 PM), the panel produced 8.2V, the battery charged at 4.1V, and the LED remained off. At dusk (6:45 PM), the LED began glowing dimly, and by 8:30 PM it was fully bright. The LED stayed lit for approximately 8 hours on a full battery. This project demonstrates that a functional, automatic solar lighting system can be built using basic components available in Ugandan local markets. The design eliminates manual switching, prevents energy wastage, and offers an affordable alternative to kerosene lighting for off-grid community.