Antimicrobial potential of essential oil from Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (P. caribaea) sap.

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dc.contributor.authorMusinguzi, Alex
dc.contributor.authorKanene, Levi Brian
dc.contributor.authorKamalha, Edwin
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-03T12:33:18Z
dc.date.available2026-07-03T12:33:18Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.descriptionScientific report
dc.description.abstractThe majority of hand sanitizers now in use include synthetic fragrances and chemical additives that pose substantial risks to human health and the environment. Ingredients like triclosan are linked to carcinogenesis, endocrine disruption, allergies, and antimicrobial resistance. This study aims to determine the constituents in pine (Pinus caribaea (P. caribaea) var. hondurensis sap and extract essential oil to be assessed for its bioactive components and antibacterial potential. Phytochemical screening of the sap was done using a qualitative method and the sap was found to contain flavonoids and alkaloids while tannins, anthraquinones and saponins were absent. Essential oil was obtained from the P. caribaea sap using the hydro-distillation process. In the GC–MS analysis that was carried out on the essential oil, it was found that the oil contained 23 bioactive compounds with the highest concentration being Sabinen (34.24%), β-Pinene (24.82%) and α-Thujene (11.5%). Other compounds such as Anethole, Linalool, Isolongifolol acetate, Camphene, Cyclopentene, γ-Terpinen, Fenchol, allo-Ocimene, Isopulegol, Levomenthol, Borneol, Citronellol, α-Longipinene and Caryophyllene were present in relatively small amounts. Assessment of the agar plates revealed that the essential oil did not show inhibitory activity to Escherichia coli (wild), E. coli (ATCC 25,922), Staphylococcus aureus (wild), S. aureus (ATCC 25,923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (wild) and P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27,853). Whereas the essential oil did not show inhibitory activity, more studies should be carried out to evaluate the potential of essential oil from Pinus sap in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors. Keywords: Antimicrobial formulation, Pnus caribaea sap
dc.description.sponsorshipBusitema University
dc.identifier.citationAlex, M., Brian, K. L., & Edwin, K. (2025). Antimicrobial potential of essential oil from Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (P. caribaea) sap. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 14582. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98445-7
dc.identifier.urihttps://bdears.busitema.ac.ug/handle/123456789/7356
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherNature portfolios
dc.relation.ispartofseriesScientific Reports ; (2025) 15:14582
dc.titleAntimicrobial potential of essential oil from Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (P. caribaea) sap.
dc.typeArticle
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