Browsing by Author "Iramiot, Jacob S"

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    Cryptosporidiosis among people living with HIV/AIDS on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) at Mukono church of Uganda hospital, Uganda.
    (International Journal of Sciences, 2016) Guwa, Annet; Nekakab, Rebecca; Oboth, Paul; Nteziyaremyed, Julius; Iramiot, Jacob S
    This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among People living with HIV (PLWH) on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and relate the prevalence to possession of pets and the immune status of the individual attending ART at Mukono church of Uganda hospital. A cross sectional study was carried out among 232 people living with HIV between June and July, 2014. Interview with questionnaires and document reviews were used to collect data. Stool samples were obtained from each patient and processed using formal-ether concentration method, stained by modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining method and parasites were examined by direct microscopy. Univariate and multivariate analysis were carried out. Level of significance was set at p-value of 0.05. A total of 232 patients participated in the study. The mean age was 36.0 (±1 SD of 13.3) years. Females constituted 73.7% (171) of the study participants. All the study participants were those initiated on HAART. The most common HAART regimen being used by the study participants was AZT/3TC/EFV accounting for 61% (141/232) of the patients. More than half of the study participants were on HAART for more than one year (54%) whereas 46% were within the first year of treatment. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp was 4.31% (10/232). A significantdifference in the risk of developing infection with Cryptosporidium spp was observed between groups based CD4+ T-lyphocyte counts, duration on HAART and possession of pets (p < 0.05 for all variables). The low prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis in this study may imply that immune restoration through ART is an important in prevention and management of Cryptosporidiosis. Though the prevalence reported in this study was low, it is still important for clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for cryptosporidiosis in gastro intestinal infections among PLWH with keen attention to those with CD4+T-lymphocyte count <100cells/mm3. Keywords: Cryptosporidiosis; Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART); People Leaving with HIV(PLWH).
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    Indigenous knowledge and antibacterial activity of selected herbs used locally to treat common cold in central Uganda.
    (Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2016) Walugembe, Joel; Iramiot, Jacob S; Katuura, Esther
    The study documented the medicinal plants used in the treatment of influenza and common cough and established efficacy of some plants locally used against bacteria causing upper respiratory tract infections in Uganda. It involved an ethnobotanical survey and laboratory experimental investigation to determine the bioactivity against selected bacteria that cause upper respiratory tract infections. Data on medicinal indigenous knowledge was collected with the aid of questionnaires, direct observations, key informant interviews and field excursions and voucher specimen collection. The plants were identified by a botanist at Makerere University Herbarium (MHU), Department of Biological Sciences and voucher specimen were deposited in the herbarium. Methanol and diethyl ether extracts of the commonly used plants were screened for antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumonia and Klebsiella pneumonia using agar well diffusion and agar well dilution methods. Ethno botanical survey showed that 43 plants were commonly used and the most commonly used plant was Momordica feotida. Three out of four extracts assayed had activity against S. pneumonia and K. pneumonia, while one showed activity against K. pneumoniae. Hence, plants extracts showed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. There is need for further development and standardization of products to treat respiratory diseases at household level in the study area.