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Item Protocol on standardization, quality assurance, metrology and testing(East African Community, 2001) East African CommunityProtocol on standardization, quality assurance, metrology and testingItem Protocol on the establishment of the East African Customs union(East African Community, 2004) East African CommunityProtocol on the establishment of the East African Customs unionItem National adaptation programmes of action to climate change, NAPA-Rwanda(Ministry of lands, environment, forestry, water and mines, 2006) Ministry of lands, environment, forestry, water and minesAware that Least Developed Countries (LDC) lack necessary means to face the problems linked to climate change, the Decision 28 of the 7th Conference of Parties (28/CP.7) to UNFCCC has established guidelines for the preparation and implementation of National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPA). The NAPA has the aim of helping the LDC define adaptation priority activities to climate change in order to obtain funds from GEF or other donors for their implementation. Rwanda, a Party to UNFCCC, received in July 2005 an LDC grant for the preparation of NAPA which will be used as a simplified and direct channel of communication for expressing its urgent and immediate adaptation needs to climate change.Item EAC harmonized sanitary and phytosanitary standards, measures and procedures(EAC Secretariat, 2006) East African CommunityThe EAC recognizes the need for a comprehensive harmonized food safety measures to ensure a high level of consumer protection including restoration and maintenance of confidence in the safety and quality of both food and feed. EAC Partner States, Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania have the desire to co-operate with one another in the area of health, social and cultural fields and, in particular, in the field of both human and animal medicines, and food and feed safety as detailed in the relevant provisions of Article 108 and Article 118 of the Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community. Similarly, the EAC recognizes the need for ensuring rational development of the agricultural sector and increased production to ensure food security and free trade in agricultural products within the Community and with other trading partners through adoption of harmonized food safety measures in pursuance of Articles 105 to 108 of the EAC Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community and Article 38 (1) ( c) of the Protocol on the Establishment of the East African Community Customs Union which are consistent with World Trade Organization Agreement on Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (WTO-SPS Agreement), International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), and other relevant agreements.Item EAC harmonized sanitary and phytosanitary standards, measures and procedures(EAC Secretariat, 2006) East African CommunityThe EAC recognizes the need for harmonization of sanitary and phytosanitary standards, measures and procedures. The main objective is to ensure rational development of the agricultural sector and increase production to ensure food security and free trade in agricultural products within the Community and other trading partners. This will be achieved by adopting the following harmonized sanitary and phytosanitary measures in pursuance of Article 108 of the Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community and Article 38 (1) ( c) of the Protocol on the Establishment of the East African Community Customs Union which measures the consistency with Wor1d Trade Organization -Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards, Measures and Procedures (WTO-SPS Agreement), International Plant Protection Convention (JPPC). Office Internationale des Epizootes (OlE), and other relevant agreements.Item EAC harmonized sanitary and phytosanitary standards, measures and procedures(East African Community, 2006) East African CommunityThe EAC recognizes the need for harmonization of sanitary and phytosanitary standards, measures and procedures. The main objective is to ensure rational development of the agricultural sector and increase production to ensure food security and free trade in agricultural products within the Community and other trading partners. This will be achieved by adopting the following harmonized sanitary and phytosanitary measures in pursuance of Article 108 of the Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community and Article 38 (1) ( c) of the Protocol on the Establishment of the East African Community Customs Union which measures the consistency with Wor1d Trade Organization-Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards, Measures and Procedures (WTO-SPS Agreement), International Plant Protection Convention (JPPC). Office Internationale des Epizootes (OlE), and other relevant agreements.Item EAC agriculture and rural development strategy (2005 - 2030)(East African Community, 2006-11) East African CommunityThis document sets out a strategy for implementing the Agriculture and Rural Development Policy and reflects the commitment of the Partner States to strengthen the economic cooperation between them for the benefit of their peoples. It provides a framework for improvement of the rural life over the next 25 years through increased productivity and production of food and raw materials, improved food security, provision of an enabling environment for improvement of trade, provision of social services such as education, health and water, development of support infrastructure, power and communications and fight against poverty and Human Immuno-deficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV AND AIDS). In this respect East African Community (EAC) Partner States have a broad vision of attaining “A well-developed agricultural sector for sustainable economic growth and equitable development' and a cooperative and Singular mission to “support, promote and facilitate the development, production and marketing of agricultural produce and products to ensure food security, poverty eradication and sustainable economic development”. The East African Community — Agriculture and Rural Development Strategy (EAC- ARDS) is a roadmap for the Partner States, private sector, religious groups, NGOs, rural communities, community based organizations and development partners defining interventions that will lead to attaining the intended improvement in the rural economy. The strategy is multi-sectoral and will require the participation of all stakeholders. The rural economy provides the backbone for development efforts About 80 percent of the population lives in the rural areas and 75 percent of them are engaged in agriculture which is the key enterprise of the rural economy. Besides agriculture, other rural activities include: artisan activities, tourism, quarrying, forestry, fishing, small-scale trading and manufacturing. The performance of the rural economy mirrors that of the overall economy such that any decline in the performance of the rural sector results in poor performance of the overall economy. Deterioration of the rural economy therefore calls for a critical evaluation of past development efforts and the need for alternative shared vision, policy and strategy for inclusive rural development The declining performance of the agricultural sector in the EAC Partner States has been caused by an interaction of “several factors: namely; inadequacies in policy formulation and implementation; low technology development and transfer; climatic and weather variabilities, natural resource degradation, social and cross-cutting factors including high incidences of HIV and AIDS. It is against this background that an Agriculture and Rural Development Strategy for the East African Countries is considered necessary. The Strategy will guide the Partner States and EAC in developing and implementing the Medium and Long-Term Development.Item EAC agriculture and rural development policy(East African Community, 2006-11) East African CommunityThe East African Community Agriculture and Rural Development (EAC – ARDP) has been developed following the Council of Ministers’ directive. It forms the initial step of implementing the provisions of the EAC Treaty as set out in Chapter 18 Articles 105-110. The policy reflects the commitment of the Partner States to foster their economic co-operation for the benefit of their people. The overall objectives of the EAC under the agricultural sector as set out in the Treaty are the achievement of food security and national agricultural production. The EAC-ARD policy will guide in the development of strategies, programmes and projects for realisation of the above objectives. The economies of the three Partner States depend heavily on agriculture for growth and development. On average, the sector contributes 36% (2001) of the GDP and offers a source of foreign exchange earnings and employment. In addition to agriculture, artisanal activities, tourism, mining, forestry, fishing and small-scale manufacturing contribute substantially to the rural economy. The development of the EAC Agriculture and Rural Development Policy is therefore a deliberate move by the Partner States to attain the goals and aspirations set out in the Treaty. It also provides a pillar for the development of a shared regional vision for sustainable development and takes advantage of the opportunities arising from globalisation and regional integration. The policy is organised into five sections. Section one contains background information, performance of agricultural sector, and policy reforms undertaken in the Partner States. Section two describes the rationale and justification for the formulation of the policy. Section three spells out the goals and objectives of the policy. Section four provides the details on policy statements while section five gives provisions for implementation and financial arrangements, roles of stakeholders and highlights monitoring, coordination and evaluation.Item The protocol on the establishment of the East African science and technology commission(East African Community, 2007) East African CommunityThe protocol on the establishment of the East African science and technology commissionItem United republic of Tanzania national adaptation programme of action (NAPA)(Vice president’s office, Division of Environment, 2007) Vice president’s officeTanzania National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) preparation has been a timely opportunity to look at the country’s climate change related vulnerabilities in various sectors which are important for the economy. Tanzania NAPA document is informed by the aspirations of National Development Vision 2025 for high and shared growth, quality livelihood, peace, stability and unity, good governance, high quality education and global competitiveness. Since Tanzania’s economy is largely dependent on agriculture, it is deemed that sustainable development can be achieved when strategic actions, both short term and long term are put in place to address climate change impacts on agriculture and other key economic sectors. The process of NAPA preparation involved looking at the effects of climate change as a threat mainly to the agrarian population that still depends on subsistence agriculture for their daily livelihood. The past trend on droughts and floods; and recent poor harvest in 2005 which caused hunger in most parts of the country and disappearance of the ice cap at Mount Kilimanjaro is now more than ever imminent evidence of climate change due to evident temperature increases caused by global warming. The frequency of extreme weather events such as El Nino floods in 1997/98 and the recent drought are few but important reminders of the deadly effects of climate change to Tanzania. In this context, the Tanzania NAPA identifies priority areas in various sectors, and further prioritizes project activities in those sectors. These activities need immediate and urgent actions for the country to adapt to such climate change effects on a short term basis as well as putting in place mechanisms for addressing long-term adaptation initiatives.Item Protocol on the establishment of the East African Kiswahili commission(East African Community, 2007) East African CommunityProtocol on the establishment of the East African Kiswahili commissionItem National adaptation plan of action (NAPA)(Ministry for land management, tourism and environment, 2007) Ministry for land management, tourism and environmentBurundi, a landlocked country in the middle of Central Africa covers an area of 27,834 km². Its relief forms a complex of five geomorphologic zones including the Imbo floodplain, the Congo-Nile watershed, the central plateaus and the depressions of Bugesera and Kumoso. The climate varies according to altitude. The altitudes above 2000 m, materialised by the Congo-Nile watershed have mean precipitation ranging between 1400 mm and 1600 mm and annual mean temperature oscillating around 15°C with the minima sometimes going as down as 0°C. The central plateaus, whose altitude oscillates between 1500 and 2000 m, receive approximately 1200 mm of annual precipitation with 18 to 20°C of average temperature. The zones of altitudes below 1400 m in the Imbo floodplain and the depressions of Kumoso and Bugesera have annual mean precipitation below 1200 mm and sometimes below 1000 mm, and average annual temperature above 20°C. The country is divided into two large catchments areas: The Nile basin that includes on the one hand the Ruvubu and its tributaries and on the other hand the Kanyaru, Kagera tributaries, and the Congo River basinItem Climate change:(Ministry of Water and Environment, 2007) Ministry of Water and EnvironmentGlobal warming, the gradual increase in the average temperature on the earth, affects every sector of development. It is a frightening reality that every country has to come to terms with, as evidenced by the highly destructive hurricanes in the USA (2005), severe droughts in Niger (2005) and the devastating floods in Mozambique (2000). Indeed, global warming may be the single most serious global problem of our time. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has pointed out that human activities are altering the climate system and that global mean temperatures are projected to increase in the range of 1.4 to 5.8 degrees centigrade during the period 1990 to 2100. Among the most prominent examples of the effects of global warming, is the gradual disappearance of the tropical ice caps as illustrated in the figure below. The previous permanence of the ice caps has been cherished sources of water for the communities living on the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro and Rwenzori Mountains. The melting of ice caps has serious consequences on local social and economic development as well as local ecosystems and ecotourism.Item The East African Community trade report 2006(East African Community, 2008) East African CommunityThe East African Community (EAC) is an intergovernmental regional body comprising of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda whose agenda is to attain economic, social and political integration of East Africa. Following the collapse of the first East African Community in 1977, the desire for close cooperation among the people of East Africa finally resulted in an agreement establishing the Permanent Tripartite Commission for East African Cooperation that was signed by the Heads of State in November 1993. The Heads of States agreed to transform the Cooperation Agreement into a Treaty and the negotiations commenced in earnest resulting into a Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community which was signed on 30th November 1999 and entered into force on 7th July 2000 following its ratification by the Partner States of, Kenya, Tanzania and UgandaItem The East African Community trade report 2007(East African Community, 2008) East African CommunityThe main goal for the East African Community, as an economic and political entity, stems from the desire by the EAC Partner States to improve the standard of living of the population through increased competitiveness, value-added production, trade and investment.Item Protocol on the establishment of the East African health research commission(East African Community, 2008) East African CommunityProtocol on the establishment of the East African health research commissionItem Protocol on the establishment of the East African Community common market(East African Community, 2009) East African CommunityProtocol on the establishment of the East African Community common marketItem Trade report 2008(EAC Secretariat, 2010) East African CommunityThe main goal for transforming the East African Community into an integrated economic and political entity is underpinned by the desire of the EAC Partner States to attain sustainable and equitable growth and development leading to improved standards of living of the people through increased competitiveness, value-added production, trade and investment.Item Heads of state retreat on food security and climate change, Ngurdoto mountain lodge:(EAC Secretariat, 2010) East African CommunityThe EAC region is frequently affected by food shortages and pockets of hunger although the region as a whole has a huge potential and capacity to produce enough food for regional consumption and a large surplus for export to the world market. There are many factors leading to this state affair but the most critical are: (i) inadequate food exchange/trade between periods and/or places of abundant harvest on one hand, and those with deflict on the other; and (ii) high variability in production caused by high variability of weather which is becoming worse due to climate.Item East African community model export processing zones operational manual(EAC Secretariat, 2010) East African Community SecretariatThis EAC EPZ Model Operational Manual is premised on the mandate provided under Regulation 17 of the East African Community Customs Union (Export Processing Zones) Regulations. The manual has been formulated to guide the competent authorities in the development of national operational manuals in order to promote the uniform application of EPZ regulations.