Faculty of Health Sciences

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Awareness of, responsiveness to and practice of patients’ rights at Uganda’s national referral hospital
(Sabinet, 2013) Kagoya, Harriet Rachel; Kibuule, Dan; Mitonga-Kabwebwe, Honoré; Ekirapa-Kiracho, Elizabeth; Ssempebwa, John C.
Background: The realisation of patients’ rights in resource-constrained and patient-burdened public health care settings in Uganda remains an obstacle towards quality health care delivery, health careseeking behaviour and health outcomes. Although the Uganda Patients’ Charter of 2009 empowers patients to demand quality care, inequitable access and abuse remain common. Aim: The study aimed to assess level of awareness of, responsiveness to and practice of patients’ rights amongst patients and health workers (HWs) at Uganda’s national referral hospital, Mulago Hospital in Kampala. Methods: A three-phase cross-sectional questionnaire-based descriptive survey was conducted amongst 211 patients, 98 HWs and 16 key informants using qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The study was conducted in May–June 2012, 2.5 years after the launch of the Uganda Patients’ Charter. Results: At least 36.5% of patients faced a challenge regarding their rights whilst seeking health care. Most of the patients (79%) who met a challenge never attempted to demand their rights. Most patients (81.5%) and HWs (69.4%) had never heard of the Uganda Patients’ Charter. Awareness of patients’ rights was significantly higher amongst HWs (70%) than patients (40%) (p < 0.01). Patients’ awareness was associated with education level (c2 = 42.4, p < 0.001), employment status (c2 = 33.6, p < 0.001) and hospital visits (c2 = 3.9, p = 0.048). For HWs it was associated with education level (c2 = 155.6, p < 0.001) and length of service (c2 = 154.5, p <0.001). Patients feel powerless to negotiate for their rights and fear being discriminated against based on their ability to bribe HWs with money to access care, and political, socio-economic and tribal status. Conclusion and recommendations: Awareness of, responsiveness to and practice of patients’ rights remains limited at Mulago Hospital. There is a need for urgent implementation of an integrated multilevel, multichannel, patient-centred approach that incorporates social services and addresses intrinsic patient, HW and health system factors to strengthen patients’ rights issues at the hospital.
Hydroxyurea therapy for children with sickle cell anemia in Sub-Saharan Africa : rationale and design of the REACH trial.
(Wiley Online Library, 2015) McGann, Patrick T; Tshilolo, leon; Santos, Brigida; Tomlinson, George A; Stuber, Susan; Latham, Teresa; Aygun, Banu; Obaro, Stephen K; Olupot-Olupot, Peter; Williams, Thomas N; Odame, Isaac; Ware, Russell E
Background: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited hematological disorder that causes a large but neglected global health burden, particularly in Africa. Hydroxyurea represents the only available disease-modifying therapy for SCA, and has proven safety and efficacy in high-resource countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, there is minimal use of hydroxyurea, due to lack of data, absence of evidence-based guidelines, and inexperience among healthcare providers. Procedure: A partnership was established between investigators in North America and sub-Saharan Africa, to develop a prospective multicenter research protocol designed to provide data on the safety, feasibility, and benefits of hydroxyurea for children with SCA. Results: The Realizing Effectiveness Across Continents with Hydroxyurea (REACH, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01966731) trial is a prospective, phase I/II open-label dose escalation study of hydroxyurea that will treat a total of 600 children age 1–10 years with SCA: 150 at each of four different clinical sites within sub-Saharan Africa (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, and Uganda). The primary study endpoint will be severe hematological toxicities that occur during the fixed-dose treatment phase. REACH has an adaptive statistical design that allows for careful assessment of toxicities to accurately identify a safe hydroxyurea dose. Conclusions: REACH will provide data that address critical gaps in knowledge for the treatment of SCA in sub-Saharan Africa. Keywords: Africa; hydroxyurea; sickle cell anemia
Validation of triple pass 24-hour dietary recall in Ugandan children by simultaneous weighed food assessment.
(BioMed Central, 2016) Nightingale, Helen; Walsh, Kevin J; Olupot-Olupot, Peter; Engoru, Charles; Ssenyondo, Tonny; Nteziyaremye, Julius; Amorut, Denis; Nakuya, Margaret; Arimi, Margaret; Frost, Gary; Maitland, Kathryn
Background: Undernutrition remains highly prevalent in African children, highlighting the need for accurately assessing dietary intake. In order to do so, the assessment method must be validated in the target population. A triple pass 24 h dietary recall with volumetric portion size estimation has been described but not previously validated in African children. This study aimed to establish the relative validity of 24-h dietary recalls of daily food consumption in healthy African children living in Mbale and Soroti, eastern Uganda compared to simultaneous weighed food records. Methods: Quantitative assessment of daily food consumption by weighed food records followed by two independent assessments using triple pass 24-h dietary recall on the following day. In conjunction with household measures and standard food sizes, volumes of liquid, dry rice, or play dough were used to aid portion size estimation. Inter-assessor agreement, and agreement with weighed food records was conducted primarily by Bland-Altman analysis and secondly by intraclass correlation coefficients and quartile cross-classification. Results: Nineteen healthy children aged 6 months to 12 years were included in the study. Bland-Altman analysis showed 24-h recall only marginally under-estimated energy (mean difference of 149 kJ or 2.8 %; limits of agreement −1618 to 1321 kJ), protein (2.9 g or 9.4 %; −12.6 to 6.7 g), and iron (0.43 mg or 8.3 %; −3.1 to 2.3 mg). Quartile cross-classification was correct in 79 % of cases for energy intake, and 89 % for both protein and iron. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the separate dietary recalls for energy was 0. 801 (95 % CI, 0.429–0.933), indicating acceptable inter-observer agreement. Conclusions: Dietary assessment using 24-h dietary recall with volumetric portion size estimation resulted in similar and acceptable estimates of dietary intake compared with weighed food records and thus is considered a valid method for daily dietary intake assessment of children in communities with similar diets. The method will be utilised in a sub-study of a large randomised controlled trial addressing treatment in severe childhood anaemia. Trial registration: This study was approved by the Mbale Research Ethics Committee (Reference: 2013–050). Transfusion and Treatment of severe Anaemia in African Children: a randomized controlled Trial (TRACT) Registration: ISRCTN84086586. Keywords: Dietary assessment, Validation, Children, Portion size estimation, Uganda, Undernutrition
Quality of life of caregivers of patients diagnosed with severe mental illness at the national referral hospitals in Uganda.
(BioMed Central, 2016) Ndikuno, Cynthia; Namutebi, Mariam; Mukunya, David; Olwit, Connie; Kuteesa, Job
Background: Worldwide, 450 million people suffer from mental and behavioral disorders. In Uganda, it is estimated that 35% of the population that is 9,574,915 people suffer from some form of mental illness. Caregivers are increasingly bearing the responsibility of taking care of these patients, which can influence their QoL due to the social and economic costs they incur. The aim of the study was to assess the QoL of caregivers for patients diagnosed with severe mental illness attending the National Referral Hospitals in Uganda. Method: This was a cross sectional study. A pretested tool with two parts; a sociodemographic part and a validated WHOQOL-BREF, was used to collect data from 300 consecutive eligible participants. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Version 22 and Stata Version 14 were used in data entry and analysis. Results: Of the 300 participants, 57.3% of the caregivers had a poor QoL. The statistically significant factors associated with QoL were environment (Adjusted coefficient = 0.016, 95% CI = 0.009–0.023), caregiver satisfaction with their health (Adjusted coefficient = 0.405, 95% CI = 0.33–0.487), psychological wellbeing (Adjusted coefficient = 0.007, 95% CI = 0.0002–0.013), and education level (Adjusted coefficient = 0.148, 95% CI = 0.072–0.225). Conclusion: QoL of caregivers for patients diagnosed with mental illness is generally poor due to the added responsibilities and occupation of their time, energy and attention. This additional responsibility results in high levels of stress and caregivers may fail to have appropriate coping mechanisms. Interventions like support groups or counseling should be put in place to aid caregivers in their role and therefore improve QoL. This study adds to the international database of QoL literature and calls for more attention to be placed on caregivers in supporting their role and improving their QoL so as to lead to better patient outcomes among those diagnosed with mental illness. Keywords: Caregivers, Quality of life, Severe mental illness, WHOQOL-BREF, Uganda
High prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease risk factors among medical students at Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
(BioMed Central, 2016) Nyombi, Kenneth V.; Kizito, Samuel; Mukunya, David; Nabukalu, Angella; Bukama, Martin; Lunyera, Joseph; Asiimwe, Martha; Kimuli, Ivan; Kalyesubula, Robert
Background: Cardiovascular disease has become a leading global health challenge representing the largest cause of mortality in adults worldwide. Non communicable diseases are neglected in Uganda over infectious diseases. With increased urbanization, there is likely increase in burden of these NCDs yet there is paucity of reliable data regarding the NCD burden. We assessed the prevalence of hypertension and other cardiovascular disease risk factors among medical students at Makerere University, College of Health Sciences in Kampala, Uganda. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at Makerere University comprising 180 medical students. We used a standardized questionnaire and anthropometric measurements to assess their cardiovascular disease risk factors using JNC-7. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with elevated blood pressure. Results: Of the 180 students surveyed, 107 (59 %) were males, mean age was 22 years (SD = 3 years), and 159 (88 %) were in their preclinical years of training. Cardiovascular risk factors with the highest prevalence were alcohol consumption (31.7 %); elevated systolic blood pressure (14 %); and excessive salt intake (13 %). Participants with elevated systolic blood pressure were more likely to be older (OR = 1.18), overweight (OR = 1.08), and with a personal history of cardiovascular disease (OR = 4.68). Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension and known cardiovascular disease risk factors is high among the medical students. Strategies to prevent cardiovascular disease among the young population should be put in pl We offer our sincere thanks to the medical students who offered to participate in the study.
Cryptosporidiosis among people living with HIV/AIDS on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) at Mukono church of Uganda hospital, Uganda.
(International Journal of Sciences, 2016) Guwa, Annet; Nekakab, Rebecca; Oboth, Paul; Nteziyaremyed, Julius; Iramiot, Jacob S
This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among People living with HIV (PLWH) on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and relate the prevalence to possession of pets and the immune status of the individual attending ART at Mukono church of Uganda hospital. A cross sectional study was carried out among 232 people living with HIV between June and July, 2014. Interview with questionnaires and document reviews were used to collect data. Stool samples were obtained from each patient and processed using formal-ether concentration method, stained by modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining method and parasites were examined by direct microscopy. Univariate and multivariate analysis were carried out. Level of significance was set at p-value of 0.05. A total of 232 patients participated in the study. The mean age was 36.0 (±1 SD of 13.3) years. Females constituted 73.7% (171) of the study participants. All the study participants were those initiated on HAART. The most common HAART regimen being used by the study participants was AZT/3TC/EFV accounting for 61% (141/232) of the patients. More than half of the study participants were on HAART for more than one year (54%) whereas 46% were within the first year of treatment. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp was 4.31% (10/232). A significantdifference in the risk of developing infection with Cryptosporidium spp was observed between groups based CD4+ T-lyphocyte counts, duration on HAART and possession of pets (p < 0.05 for all variables). The low prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis in this study may imply that immune restoration through ART is an important in prevention and management of Cryptosporidiosis. Though the prevalence reported in this study was low, it is still important for clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for cryptosporidiosis in gastro intestinal infections among PLWH with keen attention to those with CD4+T-lymphocyte count <100cells/mm3. Keywords: Cryptosporidiosis; Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART); People Leaving with HIV(PLWH).
Current and former students’ views on two different methods of classroom-based teaching in pharmaceutical care:
(FIP, 2016) Kalemeera, Francis; Naikaku, Ester; Mubita, Mwangana; Kibuule, Dan
Background: Namibia is divided into 34 districts, each with a public hospital supplemented by a number of primary health care facilities. These hospitals shoulder the responsibility of ordering and distributing pharmaceuticals for the district as a whole. As the number of pharmacists in the public sector is quite low, staff often get engrossed in supply chain issues on the expense of pharmaceutical care. Namibia, cognisant of this challenge, established the School of Pharmacy, with one of the goals being to equip the students with knowledge and skills in the area of pharmaceutical care. So far two groups have gone through pharmaceutical care training: the 2014 and 2015 BPharm IVs. The 2014 group received classroom-based training through conventional didactic sessions, while the 2015 group was trained via case-discussions. The two groups were asked to comment on which of the two training methods was better for pharmaceutical care training. Methods: We summarised the methods of classroom-based training as implemented in 2014 and 2015. We used a Focus Group Discussion with the 2015 group and telephonic discussion with individuals of the 2014 group. Individuals from both groups were asked if they would pursue a career in hospital-based clinical pharmacy. We used the Student’s T test to compare the proportions of students who reported wanting to pursue a career in clinical pharmacy, with the confidence level set at 95%, and the significance observed at a p-value ≤ 0.05. Results: Summaries of the two methods were generated and used to explain the two methods to the respondents. All the respondents (n=9, 2015 group; n=10, 2014 group) said that the case discussion method was better than the conventional didactic sessions. The majority of the respondents (n=8, 89%) from the 2015 group said they would pursue a career in clinical pharmacy. Conclusion: The case-discussions seem to be a better method for classroom-based training, when compared with the conventional didactic sessions. Even though the proportion of students considering building a career in clinical pharmacy was greater in the Class of 2015 than that in Class of 2014, we cannot conclude that the new method of training was the reason that underscored the difference. A more in-depth assessment is required to provide clarity on the relationship between the module delivery method and pursuing a career in clinical pharmacy. Keywords: Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Care, Case-Discussions, Didactic Sessions
Increased adhesion of plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes to ICAM-1 in children with acute intestinal injury.
(Malaria Journal, 2016) Church, James A; Nyamako, Lydia; Olupot-Olupot, Peter; Maitland, Kathryn; Urban, Britta C
Background: Children with severe malaria are at increased risk of invasive bacterial disease particularly infection with enteric gram-negative organisms. These organisms are likely to originate from the gut, however, how and why they breach the intestinal interface in the context of malaria infection remains unclear. One explanation is that accumulation of infected red blood cells (iRBCs) in the intestinal microvasculature contributes to tissue damage and subsequent microbial translocation which can be addressed through investigation of the impact of cytoadhesion in patients with malaria and intestinal damage. Methods: Using a static adhesion assay, cytoadhesion of iRBCs was quantified in 48 children with malaria to recom‑ binant proteins constitutively expressed on endothelial cell surfaces. Cytoadhesive phenotypes between children with and without biochemical evidence of intestinal damage [defined as endotoxemia or elevated plasma intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP)] was compared. Results: The majority of parasites demonstrated binding to the endothelial receptors CD36 and to a lesser extent to ICAM-1. Reduced adhesion to CD36 but not adhesion to ICAM-1 or rosetting was associated with malarial anaemia (p = 0.004). Increased adhesion of iRBCs to ICAM-1 in children who had evidence of elevated I-FABP (p = 0.022), a marker of intestinal ischaemia was observed. There was no correlation between the presence of endotoxemia and increased adhesion to any of the recombinant proteins. Conclusion: Increased parasite adhesion to ICAM-1 in children with evidence of intestinal ischaemia lends further evidence to a link between the cytoadherence of iRBCs in gut microvasculature and intestinal damage.
Indigenous knowledge and antibacterial activity of selected herbs used locally to treat common cold in central Uganda.
(Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2016) Walugembe, Joel; Iramiot, Jacob S; Katuura, Esther
The study documented the medicinal plants used in the treatment of influenza and common cough and established efficacy of some plants locally used against bacteria causing upper respiratory tract infections in Uganda. It involved an ethnobotanical survey and laboratory experimental investigation to determine the bioactivity against selected bacteria that cause upper respiratory tract infections. Data on medicinal indigenous knowledge was collected with the aid of questionnaires, direct observations, key informant interviews and field excursions and voucher specimen collection. The plants were identified by a botanist at Makerere University Herbarium (MHU), Department of Biological Sciences and voucher specimen were deposited in the herbarium. Methanol and diethyl ether extracts of the commonly used plants were screened for antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumonia and Klebsiella pneumonia using agar well diffusion and agar well dilution methods. Ethno botanical survey showed that 43 plants were commonly used and the most commonly used plant was Momordica feotida. Three out of four extracts assayed had activity against S. pneumonia and K. pneumonia, while one showed activity against K. pneumoniae. Hence, plants extracts showed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. There is need for further development and standardization of products to treat respiratory diseases at household level in the study area.
Prevalence of anaemia and associated factors among children in North-western Uganda : a cross sectional study.
(BMC Hematology, 2017) Legason, Ismail Dragon; Atiku, Alex; Ssenyonga, Ronald; Olupot-Olupot, Peter; Barugahare, John Banson
Background: Despite the public health significance of anaemia in African children, its broader and often preventable risk factors remain largely under described. This study investigated, for the first time, the prevalence of childhood anaemia and its risk factors in an urban setting in Uganda. Methods: A total of 342 children were enrolled. Venous blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes and analyzed using Symex 500i (Symex Corp. Japan). Stool and urine samples were analyzed according to established standard methods. Anthropometric indicators were calculated according to the CDC/WHO 1978 references. Ethical approval was granted. Results: Categorically, the prevalence of anaemia was; 37.2, 33.3 and 11.8% among children aged 1–5years,6–11 years and 12–14 years respectively. Overall anaemia prevalence was 34.4%. The risk of anaemia was higher among males than females [(OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.8, 2.1), P = .22]. Malaria was associated with a 1.5 times risk of anaemia though not statistically significant in the multivariate analysis (P=.19). Maternal parity <5 (P = .002), and stunting [(OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.3, 4.7), P = .004] were positively associated with anaemia. There was a positive correlation between household size and income (Pearson X 2 = 22.96; P = .001), implying that large families were of higher socioeconomic status. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that anaemia is more prevalent in the under-5 age. The risk factors are stunting and low maternal parity. Interventions that address nutritional deficiencies in both preschool and school children arerecommended. Malaria and helminthiasis control measures counter the risk of anaemia. Further studies are required to investigate the association between maternal parity and anaemia found in this study. Keywords: Prevalence, Anaemia, Riskfactors, Children, North-western, Uganda.
Compliance to guidelines for the prescribing of antibiotics in acute infections at Namibia’s national referral hospital:
(Taylor & Francis, 2017) Nakwatumbah, S.; Kibuule, D.; Godman, B.; Haakuria, V.; Kalemeera, F.; Baker, A.; Mwangana, M.
Background: Sub-optimal antibiotic prescribing remains a public health concern in Namibia. The objective is to determine the level and predictors of compliance to guidelines in the prescribing of antibiotics in acute infections at a national referral hospital in Namibia to improve future prescribing. Methods: Descriptive observational cross-sectional study. The clinical records of patients receiving care were reviewed. Prescribing practices were assessed using a self- administered questionnaire with reference to Namibia Standard Treatment Guidelines (NSTG). Results: The majority of prescriptions (62%) complied with the NSTGs; however, lower than national targets (95%). Most prescriptions were empiric and prescribers typically made reference to the NSTG (58%). Diagnosed infections were principally respiratory infections (58%) and penicillins were the most used antibiotics. Good concurrence between signs and symptoms with the diagnosis; diagnosis of upper respiratory tract, oral-dental and urogenital infections with prescribing of penicillins. Combination antibiotics and amphenicols were independent predictors of compliance to the NSTGs. The main behaviours associated with antibiotic prescribing were patient influences, clinical state, and access to guidelines. Conclusions: Compliance to NSTGs is suboptimal. Prescribing of combination antibiotics, penicillins and diagnosis of oral dental, genitourinary and ear, nose and throat infections were important predictors for NSTG compliance. There is a need to implement antibiotic indicators and stewardship programmes, and ensure access to NSTGs, to improve future antibiotic prescribing in Namibia.
Initiatives to increase the prescribing of low cost generics :
(KEIJournals, 2017) Godman, Brian; Baker, Amanj; Leporowski, Axel; Morton, Alec; Baumgärte, Christoph; Bochenek, Tomasz; Fadare, Joseph; Finlayson, Alexander; Hussain, Shazhad; Khan, Babar; Kalaba, Marija; Kibuule, Dan; Kwon, Hye-Young; Melien, Oyvind; Nascimento, Renata CRM; Salem, Ahmed; Schiffers, Krijn; Truter, Ilse; Voncina, Luka; Hassali, Mohamed Azmi
Getting the most out of the pharmaceutical budget is critical across all countries as the financial pressures on healthcare systems intensify. In this paper, we review global practice on encouraging the use of low costs generics versus branded pharmaceuticals, including patented products in the same class where care is not compromised, across countries to guide future practice. Our review ranges widely across European countries as well as other high income countries, including Abu Dhabi, Japan and the USA, and other low and middle income countries. There is a particular focus on Scotland, building on previous publications. We conclude based on multiple publications, including several case studies, that achieving efficiency in pharmaceutical spending is possible in virtually all environments, although there are examples of technologies where generic or therapeutic substitution should not be encouraged. However, there is no magic bullet to achieving full and appropriate use of generics. Countries have to be prepared to use a number of different education, economic, engineering and enforcement methods including prescribing restrictions to achieve success. Similarly, different approaches to achieve low prices for good quality generics given the considerable price differences that currently exist. The combination of low prices and increased use of generics will help achieve or attain universal healthcare, benefiting all key stakeholder groups. We conclude with a call for greater cross-country learning in pursuit of what should be a common goal for all health systems. Keywords: Co-payments, compulsory substitution, generics, prescribing restrictions, prices, reforms, Scotland
Cycles take medicines closer to HIV patients
(New Vision, 2017-01-02) Nantambi, Agnes
Josephine Akello, who lives at Senero Landing site in Kalangala district, had given up on taking Antiretroviral drugs because the health centre is far from where she lives. In partnership with local health centres, Health Access Connect, a non-government organisation which links health personnel to the communities, introduced a Medicycles programme to give comprehensive health services to remote villages. She now takes her drugs on schedule.
Obama in last attempt to save healthcare law.
(New Vision, 2017-01-05) AFP
Us president Barack Obama was scheduled to make a short, but politically charged trip from the White House to Capitol Hill yesterday, calling allied lawmakers to arms in defence of his signature healthcare reforms. Obama's eight-years drive to extend medical coverage to tens of millions of Americans will come under sustained assault when president- elect Donald Trump takes office on January 20 with Republican majorities in both house of congress.
Male, female patients share ward
(New Vision, 2017-01-06) Tumwesige, Arnest
Denis Komakech, a resident of Go-down sub-ward in Layibi division, who was admitted at Layibi Techo Health Centre III, had to share a ward with female patients. Komakech who was suffering from malaria was in disbelief when he woke up the following morning only to see himself surrounded by females. A health worker, who spoke on condition of anonymity, decried the lack of proper accommodation for patients.
When you develop a heat rash
(Daily Monitor, 2017-01-30) Nakibuuka, Beatrice
Changes in the weather have an impact on our bodies, for instance the current dry season will bring about ailments such as heat rash.
Nodding disease patients benefit from OPM aid
(New Vision, 2017-02-13) Tumwesige, Arnest
The Office of the Prime Minister (OPM) has donated relief food and other items to support Vulnerable people of Omoro district. The items include 200 bags of maize flour, 100 bags of beans, 500 bags of rice and 360 blankets.
Death from poisoning
(Daily Monitor, 2017-03-01) Onzivua, Sylvester
At 9:21 PM on the night of November 22, 2006, Alexander Litvinenko died at the University college hospital in central London when his heart failed. He was a former officer of the Russian security services who had been given political asylum in the United Kingdom after fleeing his native country, Russia.
Managing stroke among the elderly
(New Vision, 2017-04-07) Kyotalengerire, Agnes; Magezi, N Lilian
" Even during fasting, the body needs an adequate supply of the different nutrients for one to maintain good health. This can only be achieved by ensuring a balanced diet", Kikomeko, an assistant lecturer in the department of human nutrition and dietetics at Kyambogo University.
Release of sub grants for HIV/AIDs activities in Rwenzori Region
(New Vision, 2017-06-17) Baylor College of Medicine Children's foundation Uganda
Release of sub grants for HIV/AIDs activities in Rwenzori Region

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