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14th African union high level private sector forum:
(African Union Commission, 2023) African Union
This Information Note provides delegates with information concerning the logistical and organizational arrangements of the 14th African Union High-Level Private Sector Forum. The Forum will be held on 10th-12th July 2023 with in-person attendance.
14th African union high level private sector forum:
(KICC, 2023) African Union
14th African union high level private sector forum: public-private engagement for inclusive growth and sustainable development while deepening regional and continental trade and investment towards implementation of AfCFTA
2nd EAC Regional Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plan of Action 2017–2027:
(EAC Secretariat, 2018) East African Community
There is abundant interest on the part of the EAC Partner States in promoting their pharmaceutical industry. The first EAC Regional Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plan of Action (EAC-RPMPOA): 2012–2016 provided the framework upon which regional and national strategies were aligned in an effort to strengthen the sector. While the implementation of the first plan has achieved several key milestones and contributed to the positive development of the sector, there is need for continuation and further improvement. The current plan (EAC-RPMPOA: 2017–2027) has been developed to build on the achievements and to set out new strategic approaches to surmount the challenges and capitalise on emerging opportunities within the sector. Key findings from this report show that while EAC pharmaceutical markets are growing rapidly, there is still a high dependency on imported pharmaceutical products and local firms are producing below capacity. Local manufacturers are strongly present in the anti-infectives product category but they miss out in immunological and cardiovascular markets, which have a large market share in the region. Even though locally produced medicines cover 66% of disease conditions, the region lacks the capacity to manufacture advanced formulations. This is attributable to a skills gap in the areas of product development and formulation expertise. Furthermore, there is a lack of appropriate and affordable financing for the sector, with options being limited to short-term loans with high interest rates. From the trade perspective, enhanced cooperation and harmonisation would reduce regulatory barriers and broaden export markets.
4th EAC development strategy:
(East African Community, 2011-08) East African Community
The The East African Community (EAC) is a regional inter governmental organization established under Article 2 of the Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community that entered into force in July 2000. The membership of the Community comprises the Republics of Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania. As stated under Article 5 (2) of the Treaty, “the Partner States undertake to establish among themselves and in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty, a Customs Union, a Common Market, subsequently a Monetary Union and ultimately a Political Federation in order to strengthen and regulate the industrial, commercial, infrastructural, cultural, social, political and other relations of the Partner States to the end that there shall be accelerated, harmonious and balanced development and sustained expansion of economic activities, the benefit of which shall be equitably shared.” The Community has made significant progress during the last 10 years of integration. In particular, there is a much desired shift from the initial negative mind-set and little excitement on the integration process to strong political will that has catalysed business confidence and improved people’s awareness about the benefits and costs of integration. The Customs Union in particular catalyzed remarkable trade expansion. Intra-EAC trade grew by 40% between 2005 and 2009. Uganda’s exports to Kenya increased more than tenfold from USD15.5 Million in 2004 to USD172 Million in 2009, while Tanzania’s exports to Kenya over the same period nearly tripled , from USD 95.5 Million to USD 300 Million. This pattern is expected to be enhanced with the Common Market which came into force in July 2010. This increased trade and investment among the EAC Partner States has broadened prospects for economic growth and development.
6th EAC Development Strategy 2021/22 - 2025/26
(EAC Secretariat, 2021-11) East African Community
The 5th EAC Development Strategy was the first of the series implementing EAC Vision 2050. According to Vision 2050, the period 2015-2030 is to focus on consolidation and transformation of the regional economy by providing the environment and incentives to make EAC a production-oriented region; addressing constraints that are known to create disincentives for integrated joint development for transformation in the region. Consequently, the programming focus for the 6th EAC Development Strategy (2021/22-2025/26) remains infrastructure development, human capital for long term skills development, consolidation of the EAC Common Market, funding of regional initiatives, strengthening the financing and banking systems, expanding savings and investment, Research & Development (R&D) and security and governance.The Strategy will also consider the region’s Medium Term strategic responses to contain the devastating effects of COVID 19. Further, to maximise on the synergies across the region, Partner States Medium Term Plans (MTPs) will also integrate regional priority interventions. Additionally, the Strategy will consider the critical priorities in AU 2063 Agenda, SDG 2030, and the trade agreements EAC has entered into as a region.
A comprehensive study on modalities for the promotion of automotive industries in the East African Community
(Jica, 2017) BDO East Africa Advisory Services Limited
The Heads of State of the East African Community (EAC) in cognizance of the need to promote motor vehicle assembling in the region, during the 16th Ordinary Summit of the East African Community Heads of State of 20th February 2015 “directed the EAC Council of Ministers to study the modalities for promotion of motor vehicle assembly in the region, and to reduce the importation of used motor vehicles from outside the community, and to report progress to the 17th Summit”. In pursuit of the above, the EAC Secretariat in collaboration with JICA Tanzania commissioned BDO East Africa Advisory Services Limited (the Consultant), to carry out a comprehensive study on modalities for the promotion of automotive industries in the EAC.
A Web-Based Campus Medical Unit Information Management System
(Busitema University, 2026-08-26) Odero Emmanuel
ABSTRACT The Busitema University Nagongera Campus Medical Unit relies on a manual, paper-based system to manage healthcare services, which has resulted in inefficiencies in patient registration, appointment scheduling, prescription management, referral processing, and health reporting. This study designed, developed, and implemented a web-based Campus Medical Unit Information Management System (CMUIMS) to automate and streamline these clinical workflows. A mixed-methods research approach was adopted, combining qualitative interviews and observations with quantitative questionnaire data collection from 30 participants including students, university staff, a Lab Technician, and a Nurse. The Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology guided the system development through iterative prototyping and continuous stakeholder engagement. The system was developed using React and Tailwind CSS (frontend), Node.js and Express.js (backend), and SQLite (database). It supports role-based access for four user categories: System Admin, Lab Technician/Nurse (Medical Personnel), and Patients (Students and Staff). Key modules include patient self-registration, appointment booking and approval, Electronic Medical Records (EMR) management, prescription management, referral management, and automated health report generation with email notification capabilities. Testing was conducted through unit testing, integration testing, user acceptance testing (UAT), and security testing. Results demonstrated that all core modules function correctly, with positive user feedback confirming improved efficiency, ease of use, and better record management. It is recommended that the university formally deploy the system, provide staff training, and explore integration with national digital health frameworks.
A web-based inventory Management system for Motorcycle Spare Parts and Engine Oils.
(Busitema University, 2026-08-27) Okolong Charles
ABSTRACT This research report presents the development and evaluation of a web-based inventory management system designed specifically for Dani Motorcycle Spare Parts and Engine Oils Shop, a small retail business located in Tuba, Molo Sub-county along the Tororo-Mbale highway in Uganda. The shop previously operated entirely on a manual, paper-based inventory system, which resulted in frequent stockouts, overstocking of slow-moving items, time-consuming stock-taking processes, poor record-keeping, and an inability to generate accurate financial reports for informed decision-making. The main objective of this study was to develop a web-based system that enables the shop owner to efficiently manage stock levels, record sales and purchases, track suppliers, generate business reports, and receive automated low-stock alerts. The study employed qualitative research methods, including interviews, observation, questionnaires, and literature review, to gather functional requirements from the shop owner, staff, and customers. The system was developed using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology within the Structured System Analysis Design Method (SSADM) framework, utilizing WAMPP (Apache, MySQL, PHP), HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and Visual Studio Code as the integrated development environment. The system significantly improved operational efficiency, reduced stockouts, enhanced financial management, and provided the shop owner with actionable business intelligence.
Academic handbook 2020/22-2023/24.
(Busitema University, 2021-06) Busitema University Council; Vice Chancellor; Busitema University Academic Registrar; Deputy Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs; Directorate of Graduate Studies, Research and Innovation; University Secretary
Academic handbook 2020/22-2023/24.
Action plan for implementation of the EAC industrialization policy and strategy 2012 – 2017:
(EAC Secretariat, 2017) East African Community Secretariat
This Action Plan delineates eighteen programmes that will guide implementation of the EAC Industrialization Policy and Strategy (2012 – 2032) during the period 2012 – 2017. The Strategic Theme of the Action Plan is “Transformation of the Manufacturing Sector through Value Addition and Product Diversification, based on Comparative and Competitive Advantages of the Region”
ADSORPTION AND KINETICS OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID (2,4-D) FROM WASTE WATER USING ACTIVATED CARBON DERIVED FROM CASSAVA PEELS.
(2026) owor Balaam
The increasing use of herbicides in modern agriculture has contaminated water bodies, posing serious environmental and public health concerns. Among these herbicides, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is widely used for weed control but is persistent in the aquatic environment and can negatively affect non-target organisms at excessive concentrations. Conventional methods for removing herbicides from waste water are often expensive and less sustainable, creating the need for low-cost and environmentally friendly alternatives. Agricultural wastes such as cassava peels can be converted into activated carbon and utilized as an efficient adsorbent for pollutant removal. This study investigated the adsorption and kinetics of 2,4-D removal from aqueous solutions using activated carbon derived from cassava peels. The main objective was to prepare and characterize activated carbon from cassava peels using the chemical activation method for 2,4-D removal, and to determine the adsorption kinetics governing the process. Activated carbon was prepared through chemical activation of cassava peels. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted under varying conditions of contact time, PH, adsorbent dosage, and initial herbicides concentration(Jordana Georgin et al. 2022). The adsorption data were analyzed using kinetic models including pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order equations. The results indicated that cassava-peels activated carbon possessed high adsorption capacity due to its porous structure and large surface area. Adsorption efficiency increased with increased contact time and adsorbent dosage but decreased with increasing initial concentration of 2,4-D. Maximum adsorption was observed under acidic to neutral PH conditions. The kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model more closely than the pseudo-first-order suggesting that chemisorption was controlling the adsorption. The activated carbon demonstrated rapid uptake of 2,4-D during the initial stages followed by equilibrium. In conclusion, activated carbon derived from cassava peels is an effective, low-cost, and sustainable adsorbent for removal of 2,4-D from contaminated water.
Adsorption and kinetics of ibuprofen from wastewater using activated carbon from pineapple peels
(Busitema University, 2026-08-27) SANDE MERCY
ABSTRACT The increasing occurrence of pharmaceutical pollutants in aquatic environments has become a global concern due their persistence and potential effects on human health and aquatic organisms. Ibuprofen is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic drug with occurrence in the aquatic systems of 47 countries. The presence of ibuprofen in aquatic systems poses a threat to the health of both human and aquatic organisms. The current treatment methods for removing ibuprofen from wastewater are often expensive and environmentally friendly leading to a pressing need for alternative solutions. Previous and existing studies have primarily focused on conventional water treatment methodslike activated carbon derived from traditional sources without adequately investigating the potential of bio waste materials such as pineapple peels rendering them ineffective in removing ibuprofen, highlighting the need for alternative technologies. Therefore; this study developed pineapple peels activated carbon using H3PO4 and carbonization in a furnace of 500-700°C as a threedimensional adsorbent for aqueous ibuprofen remediation. Pineapple peel’s activated carbon was characterized using iodine method to determine the surface area, pore volume and size distribution of the activated carbon, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to identify the functional groups present on the surface of the activated carbon using a PerkinElmer Spectrum 100 spectrometer. Batch adsorption studies were carried out from pH 2 to 10, Adsorbent dosages from 1g/L to 5g/L, contact time from 10 to 60 minutes. Maximum adsorption occurred at pH 4 at an ibuprofen concentration 2mg/L, adsorbent dosage of 1g/L. Adsorption followed second order kinetics well (R2=0.999). The adsorption isotherms almost remained constant with an increase in initial concentration of ibuprofen shown by Langmuir adsorption capacity, qe=19.421mg/g. Pineapple peelings provided an efficient ibuprofen adsorption capacity (with column parameters; pH=4.0, adsorbent dosage=5g/ L.). Adsorption of ibuprofen onto activated carbon from pineapple peels involves H-bonding, pore filling with complexation and hydrophobic π-π donor acceptor attractions likely participating. Which allows efficient removal of ibuprofen from water. Affordable costs of pineapples together with excellent adsorption capacity makes pineapple peels activated carbon an efficient low-cost adsorbent for ibuprofen removal. Thus, this study describes a sustainable pineapple waste management strategy as well as treatment of ibuprofencontaminatedwater.
Adsorption and kinetics of ibuprofen from wastewater using activated carbon from pineapple peels
(Busitema University, 2026-08-27) SANDE MERCY
ABSTRACT The increasing occurrence of pharmaceutical pollutants in aquatic environments has become a global concern due their persistence and potential effects on human health and aquatic organisms. Ibuprofen is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic drug with occurrence in the aquatic systems of 47 countries. The presence of ibuprofen in aquatic systems poses a threat to the health of both human and aquatic organisms. The current treatment methods for removing ibuprofen from wastewater are often expensive and environmentally friendly leading to a pressing need for alternative solutions. Previous and existing studies have primarily focused on conventional water treatment methods like activated carbon derived from traditional sources without adequately investigating the potential of bio waste materials such as pineapple peels rendering them ineffective in removing ibuprofen, highlighting the need for alternative technologies. Therefore; this study developed pineapple peels activated carbon using H3PO4 and carbonization in a furnace of 500-700°C as a three-dimensional adsorbent for aqueous ibuprofen remediation. Pineapple peel’s activated carbon was characterized using iodine method to determine the surface area, pore volume and size distribution of the activated carbon, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to identify the functional groups present on the surface of the activated carbon using a PerkinElmer Spectrum 100 spectrometer. Batch adsorption studies were carried out from pH 2 to 10, Adsorbent dosages from 1g/L to 5g/L, contact time from 10 to 60 minutes. Maximum adsorption occurred at pH 4 at an ibuprofen concentration 2mg/L, adsorbent dosage of 1g/L. Adsorption followed second order kinetics well (R2=0.999). The adsorption isotherms almost remained constant with an increase in initial concentration of ibuprofen shown by Langmuir adsorption capacity, qe=19.421mg/g. Pineapple peelings provided an efficient ibuprofen adsorption capacity (with column parameters; pH=4.0, adsorbent dosage=5g/L.). Adsorption of ibuprofen onto activated carbon from pineapple peels involves H-bonding, pore filling with complexation and hydrophobic π-π donor acceptor attractions likely participating. Which allows efficient removal of ibuprofen from water. Affordable costs of pineapples together with excellent adsorption capacity makes pineapple peels activated carbon an efficient low-cost adsorbent for ibuprofen removal. Thus, this study describes a sustainable pineapple waste management strategy as well as treatment of ibuprofen contaminated water.
Adsorption and kinetics of sodium lauryl sulfate from wastewater using activated carbon derived from saw dust biomass
(Okello solomon, 2026-08-21) Okello Solomon
Background and Problem Statement: Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) is an anionic surfactant widely used in domestic and industrial detergents. Its discharge into aquatic ecosystems poses significant environmental and toxicological risks, creating an urgent need for cheap and effective wastewater treatment methods.Objectives: This study aimed to synthesize activated carbon from locally sourced Tororo sawdust biomass and evaluate its performance in removing SLS from aqueous solutions.Methods: The adsorbent was synthesized via phosphoric acid activation at 800°C. Surface analysis was conducted using the standard iodine index and a JASCO FT/IR-6600 spectrometer. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of contact time (0–120 min), initial concentration (10–40 mg/L), solution pH (2.0–12.0), and adsorbent dosage (0.5–5.0 g/L). Surfactant tracking was managed via the Methylene Blue Active Substance (MBAS) method using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 652 nm.Key Findings: The synthesized carbon exhibited an excellent iodine number of approximately 940 mg/g. FTIR analysis confirmed a rich surface chemistry featuring hydroxyl (≈3280 cm⁻¹), aromatic (≈1600 cm⁻¹), and acid-phosphate (≈1060 cm⁻¹) groups. Adsorption kinetics fitted perfectly to the Pseudo-Second-Order model ( 0.9986), proving a chemisorption rate-limiting mechanism. Equilibrium studies strictly followed the Langmuir isotherm model (= 0.9932), showing a maximum monolayer capacity () of 8.26 mg/g. Peak removal (99.5%) occurred at pH 2.0 due to electrostatic attraction, while 2.0 g/L was identified as the practical optimum dosage, yielding 97.2% efficiency.Conclusion: The results demonstrate that sawdust-derived activated carbon is an elite, eco-friendly, and highly efficient bio-adsorbent for removing anionic surfactants from industrial wastewater streams
Adsorption and kinetics of sodium lauryl sulfate from wastewater using activated carbon derived from sawdust biomass
(Okello Solomon, 2026-08-21) Okello Solomon
Background and Problem Statement: Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) is an anionic surfactant widely used in domestic and industrial detergents. Its discharge into aquatic ecosystems poses significant environmental and toxicological risks, creating an urgent need for cheap and effective wastewater treatment methods.Objectives: This study aimed to synthesize activated carbon from locally sourced Tororo sawdust biomass and evaluate its performance in removing SLS from aqueous solutions.Methods: The adsorbent was synthesized via phosphoric acid activation at 800°C. Surface analysis was conducted using the standard iodine index and a JASCO FT/IR-6600 spectrometer. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of contact time (0–120 min), initial concentration (10–40 mg/L), solution pH (2.0–12.0), and adsorbent dosage (0.5–5.0 g/L). Surfactant tracking was managed via the Methylene Blue Active Substance (MBAS) method using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 652 nm.Key Findings: The synthesized carbon exhibited an excellent iodine number of approximately 940 mg/g. FTIR analysis confirmed a rich surface chemistry featuring hydroxyl (≈3280 cm⁻¹), aromatic (≈1600 cm⁻¹), and acid-phosphate (≈1060 cm⁻¹) groups. Adsorption kinetics fitted perfectly to the Pseudo-Second-Order model ( 0.9986), proving a chemisorption rate-limiting mechanism. Equilibrium studies strictly followed the Langmuir isotherm model (= 0.9932), showing a maximum monolayer capacity () of 8.26 mg/g. Peak removal (99.5%) occurred at pH 2.0 due to electrostatic attraction, while 2.0 g/L was identified as the practical optimum dosage, yielding 97.2% efficiency.Conclusion: The results demonstrate that sawdust-derived activated carbon is an elite, eco-friendly, and highly efficient bio-adsorbent for removing anionic surfactants from industrial wastewater streams
Aflatoxins:
(East African Community, 2018-04) East African Community
In the EAC Region, food crops and their products that are produced, consumed or traded in large quantities with high degree of susceptibility to aflatoxin include maize, groundnuts, cashew, and sesame. The potential economic and trade-related impacts of aflatoxin contaminated products in domestic and international markets can be significant. The contribution of market losses to the total economic impact depends on the extent to which the domestic market differentiates aflatoxin-contaminated products. If the domestic market does not differentiate aflatoxin-contaminated products, the market losses from the contamination will be minimal. Among EAC Partner States, in Kenya, the awareness about aflatoxins is high, signaling that domestic market impact will be higher than in other countries.
Africa agriculture transformation scorecard:
(East African Community, 2018-06) East African Community
Africa agriculture transformation scorecard: performance and lessons for East African Community
Agriculture and food security programmes
(East African Community, 2020) East African Community
The economies and livelihoods of citizens in East Africa are predominantly dependent on agriculture. The sector accounts for 25%-40% of EAC Partner States (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi and Republic of South Sudan) Gross Domestic Product and is a leading employer for over 80 percent of the population in the region. More than 70% of the industries in the EAC are agro-based and depend on agriculture as the main source of raw materials. Agricultural commodities constitute about 65% of the volume of intra-regional trade in the EAC.
AI code of conduct for teacher education institutions in the East African Community.
(Inter-University Council for East Africa, 2026) Inter-University Council for East Africa
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is not a new phenomenon, but its rapid expansion has transformed the pace and scale at which it is being integrated into teaching, learning, assessment, research, and institutional administration. This acceleration has made the need for clear, principled behavioral guidelines more urgent than ever, particularly within Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs), which bear a distinctive responsibility to prepare educators who will serve learners across every sector and domain of society. Central to this Code is a principle that must not be lost amid enthusiasm for technological innovation: AI does not replace human educators. However, AI can enhance and support professional judgment but cannot substitute professional judgment. Teachers remain at the heart of educational processes, and human oversight must guide every AI-enabled activity. As institutions that shape the educators of tomorrow, TEIs are called not only to manage AI responsibly within their own walls, but to model the ethical practice they expect future teachers to bring into classrooms and communities. This Code establishes clear expectations for all members of the TEI community, ensuring that AI use at every level upholds integrity, professionalism, and public trust.
AI curriculum & competency framework for Teacher Education Institutions (TEIS) in the East African Community.
(Inter-University Council for East Africa, 2026) Inter-University Council for East Africa
As AI reshapes economies, labour markets and transforms the roles of teachers and students, teachers must be equipped with AI literacy and ethical awareness to prepare learners for emerging careers. Integrating AI into teacher education ensures that educators can guide students’ in responsible use of technology. UNESCO (2024) acknowledges teachers as the primary users of AI in education as well as designers and facilitators of students’ learning. They are also recognised as role models for lifelong learning about AI. Yet, many teacher educators are not up to date with the use of AI in teaching and learning nor in role modeling for lifelong learning about AI, an indication that they are unable to be guardians of safe and ethical practice across AI-rich educational environments. In addition, many teacher education institutions in East Africa face challenges such as large class sizes, limited instructional resources, and uneven access to updated materials, digital capacity gaps. AI can support lesson preparation, assessment design, and access to high-quality digital content, professional development, mentoring, and coaching, thereby strengthening the quality of teacher training. AI can support differentiated instruction, assistive technologies, translation tools, and adaptive learning systems that promote equity and inclusion. This Regional Curriculum Framework for Artificial Intelligence (AI) provides guidance to teacher educators on integrating AI in teaching, learning and research; and promoting ethical and responsible use of AI.

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