ADSORPTION AND KINETICS OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID (2,4-D) FROM WASTE WATER USING ACTIVATED CARBON DERIVED FROM CASSAVA PEELS.
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2026
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The increasing use of herbicides in modern agriculture has contaminated water bodies, posing serious environmental and public health concerns. Among these herbicides, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is widely used for weed control but is persistent in the aquatic environment and can negatively affect non-target organisms at excessive concentrations. Conventional methods for removing herbicides from waste water are often expensive and less sustainable, creating the need for low-cost and environmentally friendly alternatives. Agricultural wastes such as cassava peels can be converted into activated carbon and utilized as an efficient adsorbent for pollutant removal. This study investigated the adsorption and kinetics of 2,4-D removal from aqueous solutions using activated carbon derived from cassava peels. The main objective was to prepare and characterize activated carbon from cassava peels using the chemical activation method for 2,4-D removal, and to determine the adsorption kinetics governing the process. Activated carbon was prepared through chemical activation of cassava peels. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted under varying conditions of contact time, PH, adsorbent dosage, and initial herbicides concentration(Jordana Georgin et al. 2022). The adsorption data were analyzed using kinetic models including pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order equations. The results indicated that cassava-peels activated carbon possessed high adsorption capacity due to its porous structure and large surface area. Adsorption efficiency increased with increased contact time and adsorbent dosage but decreased with increasing initial concentration of 2,4-D. Maximum adsorption was observed under acidic to neutral PH conditions. The kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model more closely than the pseudo-first-order suggesting that chemisorption was controlling the adsorption. The activated carbon demonstrated rapid uptake of 2,4-D during the initial stages followed by equilibrium. In conclusion, activated carbon derived from cassava peels is an effective, low-cost, and sustainable adsorbent for removal of 2,4-D from contaminated water.