Ongoing strategies to improve the management of upper respiratory tract infections and reduce inappropriate antibiotic use particularly among lower and middle-income countries:

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dc.contributor.authorGodman, Brian
dc.contributor.authorHaque, Mainul
dc.contributor.authorMcKimm, Judy
dc.contributor.authorBakar, Muhamad Abu
dc.contributor.authorSneddon, Jacqueline
dc.contributor.authorWale, Janney
dc.contributor.authorCampbell, Stephen
dc.contributor.authorMartin, Antony P
dc.contributor.authorHoxha, Iris
dc.contributor.authorAbilova, Vafa
dc.contributor.authorParamadhas, Bene D Anand
dc.contributor.authorMpinda-Joseph, Pinkie
dc.contributor.authorMatome, Matshediso
dc.contributor.authorPires de Lemos, Livia Lovato
dc.contributor.authorSefah, Israel
dc.contributor.authorKurdi, Amanj
dc.contributor.authorOpanga, Sylvia
dc.contributor.authorJakupi, Arianit
dc.contributor.authorSaleem, Zikria
dc.contributor.authorHassali, Mohamed Azmi
dc.contributor.authorKibuule, Dan
dc.contributor.authorFadare, Joseph
dc.contributor.authorBochenek, Tomasz
dc.contributor.authorRothe, Celia
dc.contributor.authorFurst, Jurij
dc.contributor.authorMarkovic-Pekovic, Vanda
dc.contributor.authorBojanić, Ljubica
dc.contributor.authorSchellack, Natalie
dc.contributor.authorMeyer, Johanna C
dc.contributor.authorMatsebula, Zinhle
dc.contributor.authorThi Phuong, Thuy Nguyen
dc.contributor.authorJan, Saira
dc.contributor.authorKalungia, Aubrey
dc.contributor.authorMtapuri-Zinyowera, Sekesai
dc.contributor.authorSartelli, Massimo
dc.contributor.authorHill, Ruaraidh
dc.date.accessioned2023-08-24T12:16:15Z
dc.date.available2023-08-24T12:16:15Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.descriptionResearch article
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Antibiotics are indispensable to maintaining human health; however, their overuse has resulted in resistant organisms, increasing morbidity, mortality and costs. Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health threat, resulting in multiple campaigns across countries to improve appropriate antimicrobial use. This includes addressing the overuse of antimicrobials for self-limiting infections, such as upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), particularly in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where there is the greatest inappropriate use and where antibiotic utilization has increased the most in recent years. Consequently, there is a need to document current practices and successful initiatives in LMICs to improve future antimicrobial use.Methodology: Documentation of current epidemiology and management of URTIs, particularly in LMICs, as well as campaigns to improve future antimicrobial use and their influence where known.Results: Much concern remains regarding the prescribing and dispensing of antibiotics for URTIs among LMICs. This includes considerable self-purchasing, up to 100% of pharmacies in some LMICs. However, multiple activities are now ongoing to improve future use. These incorporate educational initiatives among all key stakeholder groups, as well as legislation and other activities to reduce self-purchasing as part of National Action Plans (NAPs). Further activities are still needed however. These include increased physician and pharmacist education, starting in medical and pharmacy schools; greater monitoring of prescribing and dispensing practices, including the development of pertinent quality indicators; and targeted patient information and health education campaigns. It is recognized that such activities are more challenging in LMICs given more limited resources and a lack of healthcare professionals.Conclusion: Initiatives will grow across LMICs to reduce inappropriate prescribing and dispensing of antimicrobials for URTIs as part of NAPs and other activities, and these will be monitored.
dc.description.sponsorshipUniversity of Strathclyde, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Busitema University
dc.identifier.citationGodman, B., Haque, M., McKimm, J., Abu Bakar, M., Sneddon, J., Wale, J., ... & Hill, R. (2020). Ongoing strategies to improve the management of upper respiratory tract infections and reduce inappropriate antibiotic use particularly among lower and middle-income countries: findings and implications for the future. Current medical research and opinion, 36(2), 301-327.
dc.identifier.issn0300-7995 (Print)
dc.identifier.issn1473-4877 (Online) J
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.60682/evh2-wf79
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherTaylor & Francis
dc.subjectResearch Subject Categories::MEDICINE::Microbiology, immunology, infectious diseases
dc.titleOngoing strategies to improve the management of upper respiratory tract infections and reduce inappropriate antibiotic use particularly among lower and middle-income countries:
dc.title.alternativefindings and implications for the future
dc.typeArticle
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