Department of Crop Production and Management

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    Heat stress influences dormancy in peanut seeds (Arachis hypogea L).
    (South Western Journal of Horticulture, Biology and Environment, 2016) Opio, Peter; Photchanachai, Songsin
    Peanut is one of the annual crops grown in both arid and semi arid areas whose germination can be affected by high temperatures. The effect of heat stress on seed germination and seedling vigor was investigated. Seeds were kept in sealed laminated aluminium foil bags and exposed to heat stress for 48 h at four temperatures; 27±2°C, 70±5% RH (control: room temperature), 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C. Seed germination and seed vigor decreased significantly as the heat stress temperature increased. The seed moisture content and total abnormal seedlings did not vary among treatments whereas occurrence of deformed seedlings was significant at temperatures greater than 40±1°C. However, 40°C significantly induced dormancy by 31% compared to the control seeds, while heat stress beyond 50°C had detrimental effect on peanut seeds in the form of embryonic death.
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    Soil Loss under Different Cropping Systems in Highlands of Uganda.
    (Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, 2016) Wambede, Nabalegwa M; Joyfred, Asaba; Remigio, Turyahabwe
    This study assessed the influence of cropping systems on soil loss on agricultural slopes. The specific objectives were; to measure soil loss from different cropping systems and to compare the amount of soil loss from the different cropping systems. Soil loss was monitored for one growing season on experimental plots. Only dominant cropping systems were considered including; mixed cropping (maize and beans), onion on contours, and millet sole cropping system. One control treatment characterized by spear grass and short trees and other shrubs was considered. Data about cropping systems was obtained with the help of observation and questionnaires while that about soil and nutrient loss was obtained through experimentation and laboratory analysis. For experimental purposes, 3 slope sites at different slope ranges were considered as a representative sample for the whole sub county that is, lower slopes (080 -160), middle slope (170 -250) and upper slope(260-310.) At each of the slope sites, the above treatments were established from which data about run off, soil loss were measured after each erosive rain storm. The data obtained included: The most erosive system at all slope sites was mixed cropping, with7.98 t/ha, 19 t/ha and 25 t/ha at the lower, middle and upper slopes respectively, this was followed by contour with 5.68 t/ha, 12 t/ha and 16 t/ha at the lower, middle and upper slopes respectively while the sole cropping had the lowest i.e. 2.6 t/ha, 10.33 t/ha and 14.52 t/ha at the lower, middle and upper slopes respectively. The control plot had the lowest soil loss at all sites with 0.094 t/ha, 0.36 t/ha, and 0.54 t/ha at the lower, middle and upper slopes respectively. It was recommended that at the upper slopes, sole cropping system should be emphasized. This should be of pasture- like crops especially grain crops that grow close to the surface or/and have fibrous rooting system such as millet, sorghum and upland rice. At the middle slopes, millet (grain) sole cropping system is a better option just like at the upper slopes. However contour cropping system can also be applied, while at the lower slopes, all cropping systems can be applied including mixed, sole, inter cropping and ridging cropping systems.
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    Response of locally adapted pearl millet populations to s1 progeny recurrent selection for grain yield and resistance to rust.
    (African Crop Science Journal, 2016) Lubadde, G; Tongoona, P; Derera, J; Sibiya, J
    In the semi-arid zones of Uganda, pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is mainly grown for food and income; but rust (Puccinia substriata var indica (L.) R. Br.) is the main foliar constraint lowering yield. The objective of the study was to genetically improve grain yield and rust resistance of two locally adapted populations (Lam and Omoda), through two cycles of modified phenotypic S1 progeny recurrent selection. Treatments included three cycles of two locally adapted pearl millet populations, evaluated at three locations. Significant net genetic gain for grain yield (72 and 36%) were achieved in Lam and Omoda populations, respectively. This led to grain yield of 1,047 from 611 kg ha-1 in Lam population and 943 from 693 kg ha-1 in Omoda population. Significant improvement in rust resistance was achieved in the two populations, with a net genetic gain of -55 and -71% in Lam and Omoda populations, respectively. Rust severity reduced from 30 to 14% in Lam population and from 57 to 17% in Omoda population. Net positive genetic gains of 68 and 8% were also achieved for 1000- grain weight in Lam and Omoda, respectively. Traits with a net negative genetic gain in both populations were days to 50% flowering, days to 50% anthesis, days to 50% physiological maturity, flower-anthesis interval, plant height and leaf area.
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    Combining ability and heterosis for grain yield and rust resistance in pearl millet.
    (Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2016) Lubadde, G; Tongoona, P; Derera, J; Sibiya, J
    Pearl millet is a dual-purpose crop in semi-arid zones of Uganda. However, no studies have been conducted to the gene effects for yield and yield-related traits and rust resistance in these environments; yet this knowledge is important in improving grain yield and rust resistance. A North Carolina II mating design was adopted to study the genetic effects for rust resistance and yield-related traits of improved pearl millet genotypes. The experimental design to study the objectives was alpha in two [locations, seasons and replications]. A higher proportion of general combining ability (GCA) effect was observed for grain yield, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% anthesis, flower-anthesis interval, days to 50% physiological maturity, plant height, total tiller number, number of productive tillers, percentage of productive tillers, panicle area, leaf area, 1000-grain weight, biological yield and harvest index. The specific combining ability (SCA) effect was predominant for area under disease progress curve. Eleven hybrids performed better than the best male parent and five crosses performed better than the best female parent for grain yield while all the fifteen selected best crosses performed better than all parents for area under disease progress curve. Ten crosses were more resistant to rust than the best male parent and all the crosses were more resistant to rust than the female parents. The additive gene action was predominant for grain yield, rust severity at 50% physiological maturity, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% anthesis, total tiller number, percentage of productive tillers, panicle area, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, harvest index and leaf area. High better-parent heterosis was also observed for most traits including grain yield and rust resistance. The traits were also characterized by relatively low levels of narrow sense heritability.
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    Comparison and suitability of genotype by environment analysis methods for yield-related traits of pearl millet.
    (National Agricultural Research Organisation, 2017) Lubadde, G; Ebiyau, J; Akello, B; Ugen, M A
    Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is an important food security and income crop for households living in semi-arid zones in Uganda. However, the genotype by environment interaction, in addition to the several methods used for its assessment, complicates selection of varieties adapted to such semi-arid areas. The objective of this study, therefore, was to compare common methods used to assess stability and adaptability of improved genotypes. Seventy six genotypes were planted in four environments in an alpha experimental design with two replications. Results showed that genotype by environment interactions were significant at p<0.05 for grain yield, days to 50% flowering and 50% physiological maturity, percentage of productive tillers and panicle area. Results further showed inconsistency in ranking of genotypes between methods; although Cultivar Superiority, REML, Yield Stability Index and GGE biplot were consistently correlated and identified high yielding and stable genotypes. Key words: GGE biplot, grain yield, pearl millet, stability analysis, Uganda
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    Rice farmers kicked out of wetlands
    (New Vision, 2017-01-11) Okwakol, Lawrence
    Rice farmers in Pallisa are grappling with adapting to a new economic activity after the authorities kicked them out of the wetlands. John Watenyeli Nabende, the resident district commissioner (RDC) who led the team, said nobody should be returned to the gazetted area.
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    Ways to save on planting
    (Sunday Vision, 2017-07-30) Nsimbi, Angella
    Katiso, a creative gardener cum accountant, explains: For the budget buyer, it is important for the shopper to ask, "why do i want to buy the plant? ". When shopping for plants, katiso employs the 5Fs as tips. These are flowers, fruits, fragrance, flavour and fresh air.
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    Lack of soil nutrients responsible for poor yields-NARO.
    (New Vision, 2017-07-31) Nandudu, Prossy
    A recent study that was conducted by National Agriculture Crop Resources Research Institute (NARL) in banana growing areas on factors affecting crop yields on the farm, revealed that pests and diseases affected only 40% while soils without nutrients accounted for over 50%.
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    Masindi grain farmers ask for more storage facilities
    (New Vision, 2017-07-31) Nyamahunge, Priscillar
    Grain farmers and dealers in Masindi district have called on the government and relevant authorities to construct more warehouses at parish level to help in the storage of their grain.
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    Sugarcan growers, district leaders oppose zoning of millers.
    (New Vision, 2017-08-10) Sekanjako, Henry
    Submitting their views on the sugar bill 2016, district chairpersons from Masindi, Buikwe, Mukono, Kamuli and Mayuge have opposed the zoning of sugar millers, saying it would lead to price exploitation of the farmers by the sugarcane millers,
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    UCDA in partnership to boostb coffee production.
    (New Vision, 2017-08-16) Kayiwa, Edward
    The Uganda Coffee Development Authority (UCDA) has partnered with the Uganda Development Bank(UDB) to finance the coffee value chain as the country seeks to produce and add value to 20 million bags by 2020. Under the financing deal signed on Friday, UBD will provide up tp Shs100m to organised coffee groups countrywide to purchase agro inputs, machinery and improve coffee storage facilities.
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    Uganda set for coffee auction.
    (New Vision, 2017-08-22) New Vision Publiccation
    As part of government's effort to encourage farmers to maintain the good quality of coffee beans, African fine coffee Association (AFCA), under the auspices of Uganda Coffee Development Authority (UCDA), is organising a training for coffee farmers in Uganda,
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    Toxic garden plants to avoid
    (Daily Monitor, 2017-09-06) Ndagire, Betty
    Plants provide visual interest to the home, purify the air, and may be edible or medicinal. Although, some plants are edible, remember to be selective as many are poisonous. Samuel Kamya, a botanist working with Kess Biosciences (U) Ltd, says some trees, plants or shrubs that grow around our homes may contain deadly poison which is a potential killer of man and animals.
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    Farmers receive apple seedlings.
    (Daily Monitor, 2017-09-23) Muhereza, Robert
    Operation Wealth Creation (OWC) has distribute more than 58,324 apple seedlings worth Shs524.9m to fruit farmers in Kabale district. The Kabale district production and marketing officer, Beda Mwebesa on Tuesday, said the beneficiaries of the seedlings were picked from Kyanamira.
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    New cassava variety developed.
    (Saturday Monitor, 2017-09-23) Afedraru, Lominda
    Cassava is an important source of food and income for smallholder farmers in several African countries, including Uganda because it grows well in conditions of drought and low soil fertility. However, viral diseases especially Cassava Brown Streak Virus (CBSV) and Cassava Mosaic Virus (CMV) can destroy up to 100 per cent of a cassava crop which ca lead to hunger.
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    New crop with potential to end hunger in East Africa introduced.
    (Saturday Monitor, 2017-10-07) Farmbiz.
    Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and technology (JKUAT) have developed a new crop which they claim can end hunger in the larger East African region. The new crop known as breadfruit is a staple crop grown in the Pacific Islands and is due to offer a ready answer to food insecurity as it grows on both the hot and wet weather.
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    Bugiri farmer regrets delay in joining NAADS/OWC.
    (Daily Monitor, 2017-10-09) Wafula, Philip
    We are requesting our partners in service, particularly NAADS/OWC to give us more support in form of training. In terms of vaccines, more inputs like animals so that our society benefits; you find that we are many and almost half have yet got.
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    Spillover effects of government programmes through NAADS/ OWC.
    (Daily Monitor, 2017-10-09) Wafula, Philip
    As you may be aware since the commencement of the main implementation phase of the NAADS interventions under Operation Wealth Creation, FY 2014/15 to date, the major output area include management of agricultural input distribution chains:
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    Best practices of coffee planting
    (Saturday Monitor, 2017-10-14) Katende, Christine
    Many coffee farmers are not keen when it comes to planting and management of the crop. However, Moses Lumu, a coffee agronomist and consultant says that when choosing an area to establish a coffee farm, a farmer should consider several requirements such as rainfall, soil, temperature, topography and altitude for the selected type.
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    How do I control banana weevils and other pests.
    (Saturday Monitor, 2017-10-14) Katende, Christine
    Seeds of Gold Question and Answer