Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences

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Performance of Broiler Chicks Feed on May Flies (Ephenoptera) and/or Whole Grain Diets in Lake Victoria Basin
(Research Journal of Poultry Sciences, 2012) Tamale, Andrew; Nabulime, Margaret; Naava, Connie; Amulen, Deborah; Ayieko, Monica; Kenji, Glaston; Ndonga, Millocent; Mayende, Sifuna Thomas
Due to experienced food shortages and high prices of ingredients used in livestock feed formulation especially Rastrineobla argenta, the common protein source in areas around the Lake Victoria basin; researchers thought it prudent to devise livestock diets from insects as replacement for the protein ingredients in order to sustain the growth of the poultry industry. A total of 144 male Cobb broiler chicks, 1 day old with an average live weight of 79 g were used. The chicks were started in deep-littered open side type houses and divided into three groups and each was given one of the three diets. The relationship between the total feed amounts, total weight gains and feed conversions of the three different diets for the 4 weeks had F-values 6.873, 2.774 and 0.355 and probability values of 0.028, 0.140 and 0.714, respectively. The main factors affecting the amounts and trends of feeds consumed are the digestibility and absorption capacity of the chicks and since this is low the Ist 2 weeks; this counts for the FCRs range between 1.6-3.0 and yet drops to 0.7-1.0 in the 4th week. In conclusion, diets formulated with/without whole grain and May flies were utilized efficiently as commercial diets by broiler chicks. Therefore, the use of May flies in broiler chick diets is recommended as a replacement for Rastrinebola argenta. Studies should be carried out to establish the optimal levels of substitution and feed stuffs that can have FCRSs <2 in week 1 and 2. Key words: Rastrineobla argenta, protein, poultry industry, chicks, absorption
Heat stress influences dormancy in peanut seeds (Arachis hypogea L).
(South Western Journal of Horticulture, Biology and Environment, 2016) Opio, Peter; Photchanachai, Songsin
Peanut is one of the annual crops grown in both arid and semi arid areas whose germination can be affected by high temperatures. The effect of heat stress on seed germination and seedling vigor was investigated. Seeds were kept in sealed laminated aluminium foil bags and exposed to heat stress for 48 h at four temperatures; 27±2°C, 70±5% RH (control: room temperature), 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C. Seed germination and seed vigor decreased significantly as the heat stress temperature increased. The seed moisture content and total abnormal seedlings did not vary among treatments whereas occurrence of deformed seedlings was significant at temperatures greater than 40±1°C. However, 40°C significantly induced dormancy by 31% compared to the control seeds, while heat stress beyond 50°C had detrimental effect on peanut seeds in the form of embryonic death.
Soil Loss under Different Cropping Systems in Highlands of Uganda.
(Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, 2016) Wambede, Nabalegwa M; Joyfred, Asaba; Remigio, Turyahabwe
This study assessed the influence of cropping systems on soil loss on agricultural slopes. The specific objectives were; to measure soil loss from different cropping systems and to compare the amount of soil loss from the different cropping systems. Soil loss was monitored for one growing season on experimental plots. Only dominant cropping systems were considered including; mixed cropping (maize and beans), onion on contours, and millet sole cropping system. One control treatment characterized by spear grass and short trees and other shrubs was considered. Data about cropping systems was obtained with the help of observation and questionnaires while that about soil and nutrient loss was obtained through experimentation and laboratory analysis. For experimental purposes, 3 slope sites at different slope ranges were considered as a representative sample for the whole sub county that is, lower slopes (080 -160), middle slope (170 -250) and upper slope(260-310.) At each of the slope sites, the above treatments were established from which data about run off, soil loss were measured after each erosive rain storm. The data obtained included: The most erosive system at all slope sites was mixed cropping, with7.98 t/ha, 19 t/ha and 25 t/ha at the lower, middle and upper slopes respectively, this was followed by contour with 5.68 t/ha, 12 t/ha and 16 t/ha at the lower, middle and upper slopes respectively while the sole cropping had the lowest i.e. 2.6 t/ha, 10.33 t/ha and 14.52 t/ha at the lower, middle and upper slopes respectively. The control plot had the lowest soil loss at all sites with 0.094 t/ha, 0.36 t/ha, and 0.54 t/ha at the lower, middle and upper slopes respectively. It was recommended that at the upper slopes, sole cropping system should be emphasized. This should be of pasture- like crops especially grain crops that grow close to the surface or/and have fibrous rooting system such as millet, sorghum and upland rice. At the middle slopes, millet (grain) sole cropping system is a better option just like at the upper slopes. However contour cropping system can also be applied, while at the lower slopes, all cropping systems can be applied including mixed, sole, inter cropping and ridging cropping systems.
Response of locally adapted pearl millet populations to s1 progeny recurrent selection for grain yield and resistance to rust.
(African Crop Science Journal, 2016) Lubadde, G; Tongoona, P; Derera, J; Sibiya, J
In the semi-arid zones of Uganda, pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is mainly grown for food and income; but rust (Puccinia substriata var indica (L.) R. Br.) is the main foliar constraint lowering yield. The objective of the study was to genetically improve grain yield and rust resistance of two locally adapted populations (Lam and Omoda), through two cycles of modified phenotypic S1 progeny recurrent selection. Treatments included three cycles of two locally adapted pearl millet populations, evaluated at three locations. Significant net genetic gain for grain yield (72 and 36%) were achieved in Lam and Omoda populations, respectively. This led to grain yield of 1,047 from 611 kg ha-1 in Lam population and 943 from 693 kg ha-1 in Omoda population. Significant improvement in rust resistance was achieved in the two populations, with a net genetic gain of -55 and -71% in Lam and Omoda populations, respectively. Rust severity reduced from 30 to 14% in Lam population and from 57 to 17% in Omoda population. Net positive genetic gains of 68 and 8% were also achieved for 1000- grain weight in Lam and Omoda, respectively. Traits with a net negative genetic gain in both populations were days to 50% flowering, days to 50% anthesis, days to 50% physiological maturity, flower-anthesis interval, plant height and leaf area.
Combining ability and heterosis for grain yield and rust resistance in pearl millet.
(Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2016) Lubadde, G; Tongoona, P; Derera, J; Sibiya, J
Pearl millet is a dual-purpose crop in semi-arid zones of Uganda. However, no studies have been conducted to the gene effects for yield and yield-related traits and rust resistance in these environments; yet this knowledge is important in improving grain yield and rust resistance. A North Carolina II mating design was adopted to study the genetic effects for rust resistance and yield-related traits of improved pearl millet genotypes. The experimental design to study the objectives was alpha in two [locations, seasons and replications]. A higher proportion of general combining ability (GCA) effect was observed for grain yield, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% anthesis, flower-anthesis interval, days to 50% physiological maturity, plant height, total tiller number, number of productive tillers, percentage of productive tillers, panicle area, leaf area, 1000-grain weight, biological yield and harvest index. The specific combining ability (SCA) effect was predominant for area under disease progress curve. Eleven hybrids performed better than the best male parent and five crosses performed better than the best female parent for grain yield while all the fifteen selected best crosses performed better than all parents for area under disease progress curve. Ten crosses were more resistant to rust than the best male parent and all the crosses were more resistant to rust than the female parents. The additive gene action was predominant for grain yield, rust severity at 50% physiological maturity, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% anthesis, total tiller number, percentage of productive tillers, panicle area, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, harvest index and leaf area. High better-parent heterosis was also observed for most traits including grain yield and rust resistance. The traits were also characterized by relatively low levels of narrow sense heritability.
Comparison and suitability of genotype by environment analysis methods for yield-related traits of pearl millet.
(National Agricultural Research Organisation, 2017) Lubadde, Geofrey; Ebiyau, Johnie; Akello, B.; Adrogu, Michael Ugen
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is an important food security and income crop for households living in semi-arid zones in Uganda. However, the genotype by environment interaction, in addition to the several methods used for its assessment, complicates selection of varieties adapted to such semi-arid areas. The objective of this study, therefore, was to compare common methods used to assess stability and adaptability of improved genotypes. Seventy six genotypes were planted in four environments in an alpha experimental design with two replications. Results showed that genotype by environment interactions were significant at p<0.05 for grain yield, days to 50% flowering and 50% physiological maturity, percentage of productive tillers and panicle area. Results further showed inconsistency in ranking of genotypes between methods; although Cultivar Superiority, REML, Yield Stability Index and GGE biplot were consistently correlated and identified high yielding and stable genotypes. Key words: GGE biplot, grain yield, pearl millet, stability analysis, Uganda.
Comparison and suitability of genotype by environment analysis methods for yield-related traits of pearl millet.
(National Agricultural Research Organisation, 2017) Lubadde, G; Ebiyau, J; Akello, B; Ugen, M A
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is an important food security and income crop for households living in semi-arid zones in Uganda. However, the genotype by environment interaction, in addition to the several methods used for its assessment, complicates selection of varieties adapted to such semi-arid areas. The objective of this study, therefore, was to compare common methods used to assess stability and adaptability of improved genotypes. Seventy six genotypes were planted in four environments in an alpha experimental design with two replications. Results showed that genotype by environment interactions were significant at p<0.05 for grain yield, days to 50% flowering and 50% physiological maturity, percentage of productive tillers and panicle area. Results further showed inconsistency in ranking of genotypes between methods; although Cultivar Superiority, REML, Yield Stability Index and GGE biplot were consistently correlated and identified high yielding and stable genotypes. Key words: GGE biplot, grain yield, pearl millet, stability analysis, Uganda
Prevalence of antibodies to Brucella species in commercial raw bovine milk in Southwestern Uganda.
(BMS Reseach Notes, 2017) Kamwine, Monicah; Orikiriza, Patrick; Kabanda, Taseera; Iramiot, Jacob Stanley; Ojuka, Patrick; Ikiriza, Steven; Atwebembeire, Jeninah; Otieno, Duncan; Tweshengyereze, Silver; Amumpaire, Juliet Mwanga; Bazira, Joel; Yap, Boum II
Objectives: The purpose and objective of this research was to explore the prevalence of antibodies against Brucella species in raw milk samples collected in Southwestern Uganda, one of the biggest milk producing regions in the Country. We hypothesized that there is a high level of antibodies in milk samples from this region. This builds more evidence to other studies in the region on the level contamination of raw milk. Results: A total of 185 raw milk samples, collected from dairy farms and factories in southwestern region, were tested for antibodies to Brucella spp. using the milk ring test (MRT) and indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (i-ELISA).We found a prevalence of 26.5% (49/185) by the two methods. This is related to previous reports in the region and adds more evidence on the need for further investigations to confirm the source of these antibodies and their relationship with disease in milk producing animals. Keywords: Brucellosis, Diagnosis, Indirect ELISA, Milk ring test
Govt asked to provide vet services
(New Vision, 2017-01-02) Tumwesige, Arnest; Ocakacon, Johnisani
The Government's efforts to restock northern Uganda might end up in a waste if extension services for animal husbandry are still in the hands of the private sector.
Vision Group's agriculture expo to link farmers, dealers
(New Vision, 2017-01-09) Kato, Joshua; Sekanjako, Henry; Masinde, Andrew
One practice affecting Ugandans is the failure to put their businesses in the faces of the consumer. This why Vision group has organised a big agriculture expo to bring farmers, dealers and other stakeholders together.
Rice farmers kicked out of wetlands
(New Vision, 2017-01-11) Okwakol, Lawrence
Rice farmers in Pallisa are grappling with adapting to a new economic activity after the authorities kicked them out of the wetlands. John Watenyeli Nabende, the resident district commissioner (RDC) who led the team, said nobody should be returned to the gazetted area.
Analysis of genotype by environment interaction of improved Pearl millet for grain yield and rust resistance.
(Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2017-01-15) Lubadde, Geofrey; Tongoona, Pangirayi; Derera, John; Sibiya, Julia
Pearl millet is grown by inhabitants of the semi-arid zones. Due to the unpredictable climatic conditions the genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) makes it hard to select genotypes adapted to such conditions. The study objectives therefore were to analyse the patterns of GEI and to identify superior genotypes for grain yield and rust resistance. Seventy six genotypes were planted in four environments in 4×19 alpha design with two replications. The ANOVA results showed that main effects of environments were significant (p = 0.05) for grain yield and highly significant (p = 0.001) for rust resistance while the main effects of the genotypes and their interactions with environments were also important for grain yield and rust severity at 50% physiological maturity. The GGE biplot analysis revealed that environments associated with more rains received during vegetative phase performed better than those receiving more rains during post-anthesis phase. The winner in the best environment for grain yield was ICMV3771×SDMV96053 while Shibe×CIVT9206 and Shibe×GGB8735 were the best for rust resistance. Keywords: GGE biplot, grain yield, pearl millet, rust resistance, Uganda
Agricultural insurance gaining ground
(New Vision, 2017-07-20) Ojiambo, Benon
The finance ministry has created a public private partnership with some insurance companies to introduce an agricultural insurance subsidy scheme.
Ways to save on planting
(Sunday Vision, 2017-07-30) Nsimbi, Angella
Katiso, a creative gardener cum accountant, explains: For the budget buyer, it is important for the shopper to ask, "why do i want to buy the plant? ". When shopping for plants, katiso employs the 5Fs as tips. These are flowers, fruits, fragrance, flavour and fresh air.
Ugandans challenged on farming.
(New Vision, 2017-07-31) Lule, Andrew Jeff
Small holder farmers have been advised to venture into commercial agriculture to easily benefit from the oil sector.
Lack of soil nutrients responsible for poor yields-NARO.
(New Vision, 2017-07-31) Nandudu, Prossy
A recent study that was conducted by National Agriculture Crop Resources Research Institute (NARL) in banana growing areas on factors affecting crop yields on the farm, revealed that pests and diseases affected only 40% while soils without nutrients accounted for over 50%.
Govt to close coffee processing centres
(New Vision, 2017-07-31) Mulondo, Moses; Odyek, John
The Agriculture minister, Vincent Ssempijja, has told parliament that Government will continue closing coffee factories which do not adhere to the required standards.
Masindi grain farmers ask for more storage facilities
(New Vision, 2017-07-31) Nyamahunge, Priscillar
Grain farmers and dealers in Masindi district have called on the government and relevant authorities to construct more warehouses at parish level to help in the storage of their grain.
Cages are good at economising backyard space:
(Saturday Vision, 2017-08-05) Mukasa, Ritah
Many people love growing creeping edible plants such as tomatoes in their backyard. And for support, they simply tie them to created log as retails. However, according to Drake Kizito, a gardener in Nsambya, a Kampala suburb, growing creepers Kampala suburb, growing creepers in cages is profitable than one may think.
Small sugarcane millers oppose the 25km distance proposal.
(New Vision, 2017-08-09) Karugaba, Mary
As the battle for space rage on among the sugar producers, the small sugarcane millers have opposed Government's proposal to license only one mill in a zone of 25km radius. Unlike their colleagues, the old established sugar manufactures,

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