Department of Clinical Phamacology

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https://bdears.busitema.ac.ug/handle/123456789/364

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Browsing Department of Clinical Phamacology by Subject "Research Subject Categories::MEDICINE"

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    Emergency compounding of COVID-19 medicines:
    (2020) Mavu, Daniel; Mubita, Mwangana; Niaz, Qamar; Lusepani, Monde; Enkara, Tonata; Philomien, Aiases; Pick, Riana; Kibuule, Dan
    Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated inequitable access to medicines in sub-Saharan Africa, mainly due to limited capabilities for local manufacture. Aim: To describe priority medicine lists and critical skill sets required for an emergency compounding of COVID-19 medicines training programme. Methods: An evaluation of the COVID-19 emergency compounding readiness programme for the University of Namibia pharmacy graduates. The main outcomes were enhanced skill sets in compounding, quality control, and regulation of priority COVID-19 medicines. Data on outcomes were thematically analysed. Results: Fifty-eight pharmacy graduates demonstrated competence in emergency compounding, quality control, regulation, and provision of therapeutic information of COVID-19 medicines. A priority list and a skills set for emergency compounding of COVID-19 medicines were developed. Conclusions: The upskilling of pharmacy graduates on emergency compounding of COVID-19 medicines has the potential to address inequalities in the rapid response and control of epidemics.
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    National standard treatment guidelines: their impact on medicine use indicators in a resource-limited setting
    (Oxford, 2021) Kagoya, Harriet Rachel; Mitonga, Honoré; Kibuule, Dan; Rennie, Timothy
    Objectives: Standard treatment guidelines improve patient care outcomes. Few studies assess theimpact of standard treatment guidelines on population-level medicine use indicators in resource limited settings in sub-Saharan Africa, where the burden of disease is greatest. The objective of this study was to determine the immediate and long-term impact of the national standard treatment guidelines on medicine use indicators at the population-level in Namibia. Methods: An interrupted time-series modeling of the impact of national standard treatment guidelines implemented in Namibia in 2011, on population-level medicine use indicators. Antibiotic, generic and polypharmacy prescribing indicators were abstracted from the national Pharmaceutical Information System, over an eight-year period, 2007– 2015. This generated 15-quarterly time points. The impact was estimated by changes in trends of the indicators, immediately and after the intervention using R-software. The immediate impact was reflected by level change while long term impact was determined by trends/quarterly change after standard treatment guideline implementation. Key findings: Data points from 522 Pharmaceutical Information System reports from 38 health facilities were included. The eight-year period estimates were, 2.9 ± 0.1 medicines prescribed per outpatient, 48.1 ± 2.5% of prescriptions had an antibiotic and 74.0 ± 4.2% of medicines were prescribed by generic name. Of the 13 regions, 61.3% and 53.8% had a decline in the average medicines per prescription and prescriptions with antibiotics respectively, as well as 53.8% of the regions had an increase in prescribing of generic medicines immediately after implementation of the standard treatment guidelines. Thereafter, quarterly trends in the three indicators did not significantly improve after the intervention at national and in all regions, except for generic prescribing in Oshikoto region, 4.5% (95% CI: 2.6 – 6.3%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Whilst national standard treatment guidelines immediately improved medicine use indicators, it is discouraging that the improvement over time was marginal across regions and was not sustained at the national level. Robust point of care interventions is needed for sustained and effective implementation of standard treatment guidelines. Keywords: impact; medicine use indicators; Namibia; treatment guidelines