design and construction of a low-cost, eco-friendly lighting solution for developing communitis
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Date
2026-09-04
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Busitema university
Abstract
This study focused on the design and construction of a low-cost, eco-friendly lighting solution for
developing communities with limited access to reliable electricity. Many households in rural and
low-income areas continue to depend on kerosene lamps, candles, and dry-cell batteries, which are
expensive, unsafe, and harmful to both human health and the environment. The main objective of
the study was to develop an affordable and sustainable lighting system using locally available
materials and renewable energy principles. The system was designed using a transparent plastic
water bottle filled with clean water and a small amount of bleach, combined with a solar panel,
rechargeable battery, and LED lighting system. Experimental methods were used in the
construction, testing, and evaluation of the system. Parameters such as battery charging
performance, LED discharge performance, illumination coverage, and overall system
effectiveness were investigated. The water-filled bottle improved light distribution by spreading
light more uniformly within the room and reducing glare. Compared to traditional lighting sources
such as kerosene lamps and candles, the system was found to be more cost-effective,
environmentally friendly, and suitable for household use. The study concluded that the solar
powered water bottle lighting system is a practical and sustainable lighting solution for off-grid
and low-income communities. It reduces dependence on fossil-fuel-based lighting, lowers
household energy costs, and promotes the use of clean energy technologies.