Department of Chemistry

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Phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity of Conyza sumatrensis root extract for management of ringworm infection.
(Busitema University, 2024) Walakila, Francis Weswa
Ringworm causing a red ring rash is a common fungal infection of human skin. It is caused by a group of fungi like Microsporum canls and Aspergillus niger which affect people of all ages and it is mainly managed by antifungal agents. However, the current antifungal drugs are becoming ineffective because of antifungal resistance and alternatives medications derived from medicinal plants are being considered. C. Sumantresis, a plant with a long history of traditional use in the management of ringworm was the focus of this study with the aim of profiling its phytochemical and antifungal properties for management of ringworm. Alcoholic root extract of C. Sumantresis was subjected to different phytochemical analysis to investigate active constituents present, quantified with different standards whose calibration curves were used to determine the concentration of specific metabolites in the extract. Fungal culture was performed on Aspergillus niger to determine the antifungal activity of the extract. The results indicated that the extract had higher alkaloids, moderate flavonoids and relatively low tannins and phenols. Antifungal activity showed total inhibition of fungal growth at the concentration of 7mg/ml of the extract reflecting therapeutic properties of the extract. The findings of this study suggest that C. Sumantresis is a promising natural resource for the development of antifungal medications and warrant further investigation.
Hydrothermal Activation of Pineapple Peelings for the Adsorption and Kinetics of Methylene Blue Dye
(Busitema University, 2024) Tibenda, Christine
The unavailability of clean drinking water is one of the significant health issues in modern times. Industrial dyes are one of the dominant chemicals that make water unfit for drinking. Among these dyes, methylene blue (MB) is toxic, carcinogenic, and non-biodegradable and can cause a severe threat to human health and environmental safety. It is usually released in natural water sources from effluents of mainly textile industries, hospitals and others which becomes a health threat to human beings and living organisms hence, there is a need to develop an environmentally friendly, efficient technology for removing MB from wastewater. This study was aimed at developing an inexpensive and effective adsorbent for removing MB from waste water to the safety limit of at most 5 mk/kg where the toxicity of methylene blue dye can induce fatal serotonin toxicity in humans. Pineapple peelings obtained from Nagongera market, Tororo district were hydrothermally activated in an autoclave reactor using potassium hydroxide as the modifier to form the hydrochar (HAPPC) and effectiveness in adsorbing MB was confirmed by batch adsorption studies. The adsorption data were analyzed by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms and kinetic models. The adsorption on the HAPPC obeyed the pseudo second order kinetic model. The adsorption capacity HAPPC was studied with variation in size of adsorbent dose, size particles, pH, adsorbent dose and initial MB concentration. The extent of adsorption of MB by HAPPC adsorbent increased with increase in adsorbent dose, contact time and pH until an optimum value but decreased with the increase in particle size and initial MB concentration. In future, the potential HAPPC adsorbent can be used to design both industrial and household units for effective and economical MB removal.
Analysis of nagongera town council water and soil for microplastic contamination
(Busitema University, 2024) Ssemugenyi, Edison
Microplastics are small fragments of plastics of size less than 5 mm. They generally breakdown from plastic materials such as polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, and others due to different factors like abrasion, high temperatures and high pressure. Microplastics have detrimental effects when humans are exposed to them, these include; breast cancer, prostate cancer, organ dysfunctioning, inflammation, miscarriage and others. This research was aimed at analyzing and comparing the level of microplastic contamination in the different water sources utilized by the residents of Nagongera town council and the different soil samples of Nagongera town council. Therefore, it could serve to sensitize the residents about the dangers of improper disposal of plastic wastes and also recommend on the best water sources suitable for human consumption that is those with the least level of microplastic contamination. The analysis of microplastics was done using FT-IR spectroscopy where the spectra were compared with the standard spectra of microplastics.
Green synthesis of sulfur nanoparticles using aqueous garlic extract.
(Busitema University, 2023) Wabwire, Samson
The Sulfur Nanoparticles were prepared using aqueous Garlic extract by green synthesis method. The formation of Sulfur Nanoparticles enhanced a wavelength of 223nm when characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The basic goal of green Nanoparticle synthesis was to make use of the element's specific physicochemical and biological properties since it was harmless to the environment.
The use of different plant pigments from flowers and fruits as acid-base titration indicators
(Busitema University, 2024) Opolot, Henry Joseph
This study aimed to determine the pKa values of plant pigments extracted from selected fruits and flowers and evaluate their suitability as natural pH indicators in various acid-base titrations. The research involved extracting pigments from species such as Peacock flower, Mexican Sunflower, Cascabela, Spectabilis, Eggplant, Apple, Tomato, and Lantana, followed by their application in titrations involving NaOH vs. HCl, NaOH vs. CH₃COOH, NH4OH vs. HCl, and NH4OH vs. CH₃COOH. The pH of neutralization was determined for each titration, and the corresponding pKa values were calculated. The effectiveness of each pigment as an indicator was assessed based on the alignment of the pKa values with the pH at the point of neutralization and the clarity of the observed color changes. The results revealed that pigments from the Mexican Sunflower, Cascabela, and Apple were particularly effective as natural indicators, exhibiting clear color transitions such as brown to colorless and yellow to colorless, with pKa values closely matching the titration endpoints. In contrast, Lantana pigments were found unsuitable for all titrations due to significant discrepancies between their pKa values and the neutralization points, resulting in unclear color changes. The study highlights the potential of these natural pigments as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic indicators, especially in educational and environmentally conscious applications. Based on these findings, the study recommends further research into additional plant species to expand the pool of effective natural indicators and refine extraction methods to optimize yield and purity. The potential for wider application of these pigments in areas such as pH sensitive packaging, food, and cosmetics is also suggested. This research underscores the viability of using natural substances in chemical processes, contributing to more sustainable laboratory practices and offering valuable teaching tools in educational settings
A review on heavy metals contamination in some vegetables
(Busitema University, 2022) Oloka, Xaviour
Agricultural produce such as vegetables has been a primary source of food for many homes. Green vegetables in the diet provide the body with vital vitamins, minerals and fiber which are very essential for human growth. There are two categories of HM namely; essential HM and non-essential HM. Essential HM include Manganese, Zinc, Copper and Iron, all the essential metals play different key roles in human body for example Iron as a metal complex in the heme plays a key role in biding molecular oxygen in the lungs and transport it to other cells in the body, Manganese is responsible for metabolism of lipids and amino acids, Copper is responsible for making red blood cells and Zinc responsible for cell division. On the other hand, non-essential HM include; Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, Arsenic, Chromium and Nickel. Essential HM is required by the human body in small portion however, when it is concentration becomes high results into a number of diseases affecting the kidney, heart, brain and central nervous system. The human body get exposed mostly to heavy metals through consumption of vegetables contaminated with heavy metals. This has raised concern about the food security for good human health. Over use of fertilizers, mining, use of pesticides, use of waste water for irrigation of the vegetables mentioned but a few are some of sources of heavy metals. This reviews heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni) accumulation in vegetable crops (onions, green pepper, cucumber, potatoes and tomatoes) and their impact on human health. Key words: Bioaccumulation, Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Heavy Metals (HM)
Assessment of nutrient pollutants in samples of water from selected parts of nagongera stream located in nagongera division of tororo district, eastern uganda
(Busitema University, 2022) Oitakol, James
The purpose of this study was to assess the level of nutrient pollutants in Nagongera water stream. Specifically, it was to determine the total concentration of Nitrogen and Phosphorus and to establish the level of water pollution by Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Nagongera water stream. The samples were obtained from Nagongera stream and were collected using bottles. The samples of water from different sites were analyzed using A JEN WAY Geneva plus Model 6705 UV-Visible Spectrophotometer set at a wave length of 890nm. This was first zeroed by use of blank solution in a cuvette (1cm) thick, followed by the standards of concentrations 1mg/l, 2mg/l, 3mg/l, 4mg/l, 5mg/l and 10mg/l in order to calibrate the instrument. The study found out that the concentration of Nitrogen and that of Phosphorus were below as compared to their standards which therefore showed the level of water pollution by Nitrogen and Phosphorus were below their standard concentration. The study concluded that water in Nagongera is not suitable for consumption because of high concentration of phosphorus in site 2. Due to this, there is need for policy makers and other stake holders to regulate the nutrient pollution in Nagongera stream by restricting direct drainage of detergents containing effluents from residential and commercial settings.
Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters in Groundwater Quality of Mella Sub-County, Tororo District
(Busitema University, 2024) Ndigi, Shamiru
Ndigi Shamiru Groundwater is the major source of drinking water in many areas which is abstracted through boreholes and wells for domestic and industrial use. Effective water quality monitoring assists in checking the equality of water available for consumption. This study was carried out to evaluate the physicochemical quality of borehole and well water parameters in Mella sub-county, eastern region of Tororo district where groundwater is the main source of drinking water. The physicochemical parameters analyzed include; Electrical Conductivity (EC), temperature, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, milliVolts (mV) and turbidity using standard methods of analysis. Obtained results were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO), for drinking water. E.C ranged from 88.37-558.6 S, temperature ranged from 27.3-28.0 oC, TDS ranged from 46.48-293.6 ppm, pH ranged from 5.11-6.68 and turbidity ranged from 0.06-397 NTU.
Quantitative phytochemical analysis of euclea racemosa as a potential anti-bacterial herbal remedy for management of pneumonia
(Busitema University, 2024) Nangoli, Cranimer
Introduction: Pneumonia is a respiratory tract infection which is caused by microorganisms resulting into inflammations due to fluid filling in the air sac in either both or one of the lungs. Pneumonia kills more children than any other infectious disease, claiming the lives of close to 2,000 children everyday world wide. Objective: To quantitatively analyze the Phytochemistry of Euclea racemosa for potential antibacterial activity and formulation of an herbal remedy for management of respiratory tract infections. Materials and methods: The phytochemical analysis of Euclea racemosa that belongs to kingdom plantae, Order Ericales, family Ebenaceae, Genius Euclea, species Euclea Racemosa, was examined using organic extracts and aqueous extracts of the leaves of Euclea racemosa. Results: The organic extracts used in investigation of phytochemical and confirmed alkaloids (214.87mg/g), flavonoids (30.3mg/g), tannins (136.5mg/g), phenols (30.2mg/g), glycosides, saponins and as well antibacterial activity investigated on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus evidenced by the percentage rate inhibition. Conclusion: The extracts showed high inhibition on E. coli than it was on pseudomonas aeruginosa, therefore the antimicrobial activity of E. racemosa is most effect on E. coli. The ability of E. racemosa to show antimicrobial activity may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, tannins, glycosides and saponins which were confirmed to be biologically active ingredients during the phytochemical analysis of the crude extract.
Phytochemistry and antimicrobial properties of avocado seed extract and euclea racemosa schimperi in management of tooth decay.
(Busitema University, 2024) Nandutu, Rebecca
Plant extracts are actively being used worldwide due to the presence of biologically active constituents that aid against various diseases owing to their antimicrobial and antibacterial potential. This research work was carried out to determine the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of extracts of E. racemose and avocado seed in the management of tooth decay. Anti-microbial studies were carried out by disc diffusion method. Samples from methanol extract were tested against three different bacterial strains comprising one species from Gram negative bacteria i.e., Staphylococcus aureus and two species from Gram-positive bacteria i.e Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas. The results of the qualitative phytochemical analysis showed that methanolic extract of root bark of E. racemose and avocado seed consist of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins. The total phenol, alkaloid, tannins and flavonoid content of the extracts showed that the methanolic extract of avocado seed had a significantly higher total alkaloid (1.706mg/ml) and flavonoid content (0.261mg/ml) than the extracts of E. racemose which had total alkaloid and flavonoid content as 1.602mg/ml and 0.249mg/ml respectively. The extracts had almost the same quantity of total tannins. Phenols were no detected in the extracts. The antimicrobial activity revealed that the avocado seed has highest antibacterial activity against E. coli compared to the extract of root bark of E. racemose. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of these plants as a reliable source of antimicrobials that may be used for the treatment of various infectious diseases in the present situation. The study provides evidence that these plants can act as a reliable source of antimicrobial agent and may be used against several infectious diseases particularly in managing tooth decay. Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, phytochemical property, HPLC metabolomic analysis.
Comparative study of phospholipid content in eggs of ducks and turkeys
(Busitema University, 2023) Nambuya, Lilian
Background information: The aim of this research was to conduct a comparative study on the amount of egg yolk lecithin extracted from eggs of ducks and turkeys. Lecithin is an important phospholipid found in egg yolks, which has various functional and nutritional properties. Therefore, understanding the amount of lecithin present in different types of eggs can have significant implications for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Methods and materials: The research involved the collection of fresh duck and turkey eggs from local farms. The eggs were separated, and the yolk was extracted using standard techniques. The lecithin was then isolated from the yolk using a solvent extraction method, and analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Results: the percentage yield from eggs of ducks and turkeys were 10.7 % and 8.6 % respectively. Analysis of phospholipid samples using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer showed vibrational frequencies at wave numbers 3300 cm-1, 2922 cm-1 and 1733 cm-1 from which the presence of phospholipids in the samples was inferred. Conclusion: Duck egg yolks contain phospholipids with a higher concentration than turkey eggs.
Analysis of nagongera water for phthalates
(Busitema University, 2024) Nambuba, Esther
This study was aimed at analyzing the presence of phthalates in different water sources using advanced analytical techniques. Specifically, I employed UV-VIS spectrometry and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis to investigate the following water types: My findings revealed varying concentrations of phthalates across these water sources. The UV VIS spectrometer allowed me to quantify specific phthalate compounds, while FTIR analysis provided insights into their chemical structures. In conclusion, this study contributes valuable data to water quality management in Nagongera. The concentrations of were pond water 0.1015 mg/mL, stream water 0.0994 mg/mL, borehole water 0.0314 mg/mL, packed water 0.0352 mg/mL, and tap water 0.0410 mg/mL. Recommendations for minimizing phthalate contamination include regular monitoring, source-specific interventions, and public awareness campaigns. By understanding the phthalate profiles in different water types, we can safeguard community health and promote safe drinking water practices.
Evaluation of Phytochemical Constituents of Rotheca Myricoides (Hocsht) For the Management of Syphilis in Humans and Formulation of An Herbal Remedy
(Busitema University, 2023) Nambala, Oliver
Syphilis is a multistage acute and chronic sexually transmitted infection (STI) that is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum that produces skin and mucous membrane lesions at the onset of the infection. Syphilis globally claims over 58% of the population per year in the world as per 2021.Rotheca myricoides is used locally for various medicinal purposes by traditionalists and herbalists in Uganda. Plants products have been used since ancient times in the management of various conditions. Rotheca myricoides (Hochst) is used in the management of diabetes, treatment of malaria, cancer, gastrointestinal disorders, asthma, spleen enlargement, persistent fever, headache, dysentery, diarrhea, syphilis, snakebite, impotence, eye problems, typhoid, cough, tonsillitis, rheumatism gonorrhea. The objective of this study is to evaluate the phytochemical constituents of Rotheca myricoides and its efficacy on the management of syphilis. The crude extract of Rotheca myricoides was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial tests. The phytochemical tests were carried out using standard methods of analysis and these investigations revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, quinones and alkaloids while terpenoids, glycosides and steroids were not present in the crude extract. Herbal syrup was formulated by mixing different active ingredients and a few of its physiochemical properties were determined. The toxicity profile of R. myricoides traditional therapy must first be determined as while as the appropriate quantity for the full dose. The bacterial assay should be done to find the minimum inhibitory concentration of R. myricoides extract on T. pallidum.
Hydrothermally activated banana peels for adsorption and kinetics studies on malachite green dye
(Busitema University, 2024) Namalike, Mariam
In this study, hydrothermally activated banana peels powder was used as an adsorbent for removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. The influence of pH, equilibrium time and initial concentration of malachite green dye on amount of malachite green dye adsorbed were investigated. Studies showed that the amount of malachite green dye increased with increasing bulk solution pH, initial concentration of malachite dye and then decreased with increase in equilibrium time. The experiments showed that the highest removal of malachite green dye was at pH 5, contact time 20 minutes and initial concentration 559mg/L. The experimental data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms, pseudo first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models. It was shown that the adsorption of malachite green dye onto hydrothermally activated banana peels powder could be described by the Freundlich adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic model, suggesting that the adsorption process is presumable a physisorption
Fluoride levels and physicochemical properties of groundwater in bunefule and bunagabo parishes, bugobero subcounty, manafwa district
(Busitema University, 2023) Muwugumya, Brenda
This research proposal aims to investigate the presence of fluoride ions and analyze the physicochemical properties of water in Bugobero Subcounty, Manafwa District. The study was focused on various parameters including pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Turbidity, Total Hardness (TH), and Electrical Conductivity (EC). The presence of fluoride ions in drinking water is of significant concern due to their potential health implications. Elevated fluoride levels can lead to dental and skeletal fluorosis, especially in areas where fluoride concentration exceeds the recommended limits set by regulatory bodies. Therefore, understanding the fluoride levels and associated physicochemical properties of water is crucial for ensuring safe and sustainable water resources. To achieve the objectives of this research, water samples were collected from various sources within Bugobero Subcounty. The physicochemical parameters were measured using standard methods and equipment. pH will be measured to determine the acidity or alkalinity of water, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) will provide information on the concentration of inorganic and organic substances dissolved in water. Turbidity will be assessed to determine the clarity or cloudiness of the water sample. Total Hardness (TH) was determined to assess the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions, which can affect water quality and household applications. Electrical Conductivity (EC) was measured as an indicator of the water's ability to conduct electrical current, which can be correlated with ion concentration. The collected data was statistically analyzed to identify any correlations between fluoride ions and the physicochemical properties of water. The findings of this research provided valuable insights into the water quality in Bugobero Subcounty and contribute to developing appropriate measures for water treatment and management.
Evaluation of vitamin c content from two varieties of mangoes in markets of mbale city
(Busitema University, 2023) Musobo, Solomon
The study deals with analysis of ascorbic acid content of mangoes grown from Mbale city. Iodometric titration method was used to determine the concentrations of Vitamin C in different mango. The results indicate that the Vitamin C concentrations in Alfonso and Palmer varieties was 62.172 mg/100g and 54.34 mg/100g respectively. The results show that there was difference between concentrations of Vitamin C within the varieties of mangoes. Precisely, considering mango varieties, Alfonso variety had the highest concentration of Vitamin C per 100 g than Palmer mango variety.
Synthesis and characterization of zinc sulphide nanoparticles from garlic and onion extract using the biosynthesis method
(Busitema University, 2023) Musene Benjamen
ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized using garlic and onion extract. The green synthesis method was used since it was ecofriendly in that toxic gases and high temperatures are not involved. Additionally, this method is also cheap. Garlic and onion gloves were obtained from nagongera town council, dried and 10g of each sample was measured and dissolved in 200mls of distilled water. 0.04 moles of zinc nitrate solution were made by dissolving 12g of zinc nitrate in 50mls of water. A solution of sodium sulphide was also made by dissolving 5.2g of sodium sulphide in 50mls of water. The two solutions are then mixed together followed by addition of the extract solution with constant stirring for 60minutes. During nanoparticle formation, there was color change from white to pale yellow for garlic extract and brown to green for onion extract. After the synthesized nanoparticles where dried, that from garlic extract gave 4g while that from onion extract gave 2g. The FTIR machine was used to characterize the nanoparticles and different spectrums were obtained as shown in the report. However, the spectrums showed some peaks above 3000cm-1. This would have come as a result of other phenolic compounds found in garlic.
Extraction and Characterisation of lignin from soya bean stems and sorghum stalks
(Busitema University, 2024) Musasizi Ezra
Lignocellulosic biomass has been known for potential use to produce chemicals and biomaterials. Lignin is a three-dimensional, highly cross-linked macromolecule composed of three types of substituted phenols which include: coniferyl, sinapyl, and p-coumaryl alcohols by enzymatic polymeration, yielding a vast number of functional groups and linkages. This research was intended to extract lignin from soya bean stems and sorghum stalks by soda pulping. Samples were chopped manually in sizes of about 3-5 cm, screened to get rid of the fine, clean with distilled water to eliminate adhered soil. The materials were dried at room temperature in the laboratory. The dry materials were soaked in water at room temperature. Then the black liquor was obtained and different treatments were carried out in order to obtain the lignin. It was found that lignin obtained from sorghum stalks provided the greatest yield of …16.5%…. compared to lignin from soya bean stems of …12.5%...by weight yielding low lignin. It was also found out that the lignin obtained from sorghum stalks were more hydrophilic due to its higher content of hydroxyl group, sorghum stalk lignin was more soluble in water and hexane, making it a better choice for applications where they are preferred as solvents. On the other hand, lignin obtained from soya bean stems were compatible with polar solvents due to its phenolic groups. Soya bean stem lignin was more soluble in ethanol and methanol making it a better choice for application where they are needed to be used.
Analysis of cypermethrin residues in fresh tomatoes sold in nagongera food market in nagongera town council, tororo district in eastern uganda
(Busitema University, 2023) Mudume Isihaka
Cypermethrin residues in fresh tomatoes were determined using uv-visible spectrophotometry. The method is based on hydrolysis of cypermethrin in alkaline solution to cyanid ion and reacts with iron (III) ions to form colored complex compounds. The results confirmed the residues were present in the tomatoes and the concentration was found to be 0.0096 mg per 250 g of tomato. Cypermethrin residues may lower the quality of tomatoes and pose health risks to humans. Therefore, regulation and monitoring pesticide residues in tomatoes produced should be done to avoid effects on human health
Formulation of gelatin-chitosan hydrogel containing jatropha multifida leaf extract for treatment of wounds.
(Busitema University, 2024) Atenia Mathew
When the wound arises, there are some effects that will arise as the loss of all or part of the organ function, bacterial contamination. Wound healing healing can be with the use of traditional medicine. Some traditional remedies such as iodine plant (jatropha multifida) have been used to accelerate wound healing maximumly. Due to emergency of resistant bacterial strains and significant increase in side effects of currently available antibacterial drugs have made it urgent to develop research to identify new bio actives antibacterial compounds and innovative ways for drug delivery to enhance wound healing. This research aims to develop a novel hydrogel formulation that combines the beneficial properties of gelatin, chitosan and jatropha multifida leaf extract for effective wound healing. Hydrogel composed of gelatin, chitosan, and jatropha leaf extract can be one of the right candidates for wound dressing application which provides both an antibacterial and a proper wound drainage management property to promote faster healing. Herein, preparation of hydrogel has been conducted by the physical blending of the solution of gelatin, chitosan, and extract at 4O0C. Then, the mixture was cast to form hydrogel films by each 2-4 mm thickness and followed by drying at 37o C for 24 hours. The resulted hydrogels were characterized to confirm its potential as wound care dressing by gel fraction, swelling index, and anti-bacteria. The gel fraction of the hydrogel composed of 10 and 20 grams of gelatin (each with 0.5 grams of chitosan and 5ml grams of the extract) was respectively 68.86 % and 65.68%. The hydrogel, composed of 20 g of gelatin and 7.5 g of chitosan, has shown the highest water retention capacity (swelling index) by 400 %. However, the presence of the extract has slightly lowered both the gel fraction and swelling index of the resulted hydrogel. Jatropha multifida, a plant with known antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, is being explored for its potential application in wound care. The combination of these components in a hydrogel formulation has the potential to create a synergistic effect that promotes wound healing by providing a moist environment, antimicrobial activity, and anti-inflammatory effects. The research involved extraction of the plant bioactive components, phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial investigation of the leaf extract of the plant and formulation of the hydrogel. Methods. The extract was obtained by maceration, phytochemical screening of jatropha multifida was carried out. The antimicrobial activity of the leaves was evaluated on the strains of s. aureus, and E. coli. Results: the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins was noted on the leaves of jatropha multifida. The ethanolic extract of the leaves did not show effective bacterial inhibition. Conclusion, this study holds promise for the development of an advanced wound dressing material that harnesses the therapeutic potential of natural ingredients combined with biocompatible polymers. The successful formulation of gelatin- chitosan based hydrogel loaded with j. Multifida leaf extract could offer a cost effective and sustainable approach to wound management with reducing reliance on synthetic materials and promoting the use of natural resources for medical applications.

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